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. 2017 Jun 14;142(3):456–463. doi: 10.1111/jnc.14066

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Isoflurane anesthesia exposure increases GSK3βSer9 and AKTThr308 phosphorylation in the adult rat cortex and striatum. Representative cortical EEG spectrogram demonstrating the burst suppression pattern during isoflurane administration (4% induction for 2 min, 2% maintenance) (a). Effect of a single brief isoflurane anesthesia exposure (4% induction for 2 min, 2% maintenance for 20 min; N = 4/group) on GSK3βSer9 phosphorylation (b) and AKTThr308 phosphorylation (c) in the adult rat cortex and striatum. Striatal GSK3βSer9 and AKTThr308 phosphorylation after repeated (20‐min anesthesia exposure every 48 h for total of five consecutive times; N = 6/group) isoflurane administration (d–f). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.005, Student t‐test. EEG, electroencephalogram; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate dehydrogenase; GSK3β, glycogen synthase 3β; AKT, protein kinase B; ISO, isoflurane; Sham, rats in the induction chamber for 2 min with continuous O2 flow (with no anesthetics).