Table 3.
Sensory Processing Questionnaires Applied to Adults/Adolescent ASD.
| Self- or Proxy-Report Measures | Creators | Subscales/Items | Terminology | Age Group | Scoring | Clinically Available (Y/N) | Published Psycho-metric Prop-erties (Y/N) | Development | Discipline | Self- or Proxy-Report | ASD Specific (Y/N) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AASP | Dunn, 2001 | Low Registration, Sensory Sensitivity, Sensory Avoidance, Sensory Seeking; taste/smell, movement, visual, touch, multisensory, activity level, and auditory | Four Quadrant Model of Sensory Processing; Neurological and Behavioral Thresholds | 11+ | 60 items; 4 point scale | Y | Y | Expert panel, factor analysis, construct validity–physiological measure | Occupation-al Therapy (OT) | Self-Report | N |
| SP/SSP | Dunn, 1997 | Sensory processing, modulation, and behavioral and emotional responses; taste/smell, movement, visual, touch, multisensory, activity level, and auditory | Four Quadrant Model of Sensory Processing; Neurological and Behavioral Thresholds | 3–10 | 125 items; 38 items (short); 4 point scale | Y | Y | Expert panel, factor analysis, construct validity–physiological measure | OT | Proxy-Report | N |
| SenSOR | Schoen et al., 2008 | Sensory over-responsivity (sensory sensitivity or sensory avoiding); touch, vision, hearing, smell, taste, and proprioception | Sensory Modulation | All ages | Unclear | N | Y | Factor analysis (discriminant validity, internal reliability/consistency); ongoing development; expert and lit review; correlated to examiner-scored behavior analysis and AASP | OT | Self/Care giver- Report | N |
| SII-R | Reisman & Hanschu, 1992 | tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive processing; “general reactions” section | Sensory Integration | Adult | Checklist | Y | N | Based on sensory integration theory | OT | Proxy-Report | N (IDD Specific) |
| GSQ | Horder et al., 2014 | visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, vestibular, and proprioceptive | Hypo and Hypersensitivities | Adults with ASD | 42 items; 4 point scale; total score | N | Y | Factor analysis across cultures; reports in the literature of sensory signs and symptoms commonly associated with ASD and b signs and symptoms reported by parents of children with ASD; correlated to AASP | OT | Self-Report | Y |
| SR-AS | Elwin et al., 2016 | hyper- and hypo-reactivity, strong sensory interest, and sensory/motor; visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, vestibular, proprioceptive and interoceptive | High and low awareness | Adults with ASD | 38 items; 4 point scale | N | Y | Qualitative interviews; factor/cluster analysis | Psychiatry | Self-Report | Y |
| DISCO | Wing, Leekam, Libby, Gould, & Larcombe, 2002 | touch, taste, smell, kinesthetic, auditory, and visual. Items relating to atypical taste/oral, movement, touch responsiveness, and self-injurious behavior | “proximal” (e.g., smell, taste, touch, kinesthetic and mixed) | Mixed Age Group–Autism | 25 items (sensory); 300 total for diagnostic tool | Y | Y | Chosen based on clinical observation; developed as part of diagnostic tool; factor analysis | Psychology | Proxy-Report/Inter-view | Y |
| SPQ | Tavassoli et al., 2014 | touch, hearing, vision, smell, and taste | basic detection and discrimination to sensory input measured across hyper-and hyposensitivity | Adults | 35 item; 4 point scale | N | Y | Factor analysis; correlated to SenSOR; developed to study basic detection and discrimination–based on ‘main sensory modalities’ (Goldstein, 2002) | Psychiatry | Self-Report | N |
| SBS | Harrison & Hare, 2004 | visual, auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, vestibular, movement, proprioception, temperature and sensory processes | sensory symptoms (ongoing, past, none) | Adults with ASD | 17 items; ongoing, past, none | Y | N | Literature review, discussion with experts, and based on O'Neill (1995) | Psychology | Proxy-Report | Y |
| SSQ | Minshew & Hobson, 2008 | sound, light, tactile and temperature sensitivities, pain tolerance, awareness of smell or taste, and sensitivity to environmental events or conditions | sensory sensitivity | Mixed Age Group | 13 item; Yes/No | N | N | Based on items from the highly sensitive person self-report checklist (Aron and Aron 1997), common reactions to sensory stimuli reported by individuals with ASD, classic behavioral descriptions, and clinical reports | Psychiatry | Self-/Proxy-Report | Y |
| AADQ | Dunlop et al., 2016 | Auditory | auditory hypersensitivity; difficulty hearing in noisy environments | Adults | 33 items; 7 point Likert scale | Y | N | Based on validated inventories for specific adult clinical populations that experience abnormal auditory processing | Speech Language | Self-Report | N |