Table 4.
HDAC family members and their properties.
| Family | Class | Members | Tissue Distribution | Subcellular Localization | Catalytic Site | Substrates | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Classic (Zn-dependent) | I | HDAC1 | Pervasive | Nucleus | 1 | STAT3, E2F1, MyoD, p53, SHP, androgen receptor | [149] |
| HDAC2 | Pervasive | Nucleus | 1 | STAT3, BCL6, YY1, glucocorticoid receptor | [150] | ||
| HDAC3 | Pervasive | Nucleus | 1 | MEF2D, STAT3, RELA, GATA1, YY1, SHP | [151] | ||
| HDAC8 | Pervasive? | Cytoplasm/nucleus | 1 | - | [151] | ||
| IIA | HDAC4 | Brain, skeletal muscle, heart | Cytoplasm/nucleus | 1 | HP1, GATA1, GCMA | [152] | |
| HDAC5 | Brain, skeletal muscle, heart | Cytoplasm/nucleus | 1 | HP1, SMAD7, GCMA | [152] | ||
| HDAC7 | Placenta, skeletal muscle, heart, pancreas | Cytoplasm/nucleus/mitochondria | 1 | PLAG2, PLAG1 | [153] | ||
| HDAC9 | Skeletal muscle, brain | Cytoplasm/nucleus | 1 | - | [153] | ||
| IIB | HDAC6 | Placenta, kidney, liver, heart | Cytoplasm (mostly) | 2 | SMAD7, SHP, HSP90, α-tubulin | [154] | |
| HDAC10 | Kidney, spleen, liver | Cytoplasm (mostly) | 1 | - | [151] | ||
| IV | HDAC11 | Kidney, skeletal muscle, heart, brain | Cytoplasm/nucleus | 2 | - | [151] | |
| Modern (NAD+-dependent) | III | Mammalian sirtuins (SIRT 1–7) | - | - | - | - | [155] |
| Yeast Sir2 | - | - | - | - | [155] |
Abbreviations: BCL6 = B-cell CLL/lymphoma 6; E2F1 = E2F transcription factor 1; GATA1 = GATA binding protein 1; GCMA = glial cells missing homolog A; HP1 = heterochromatin protein 1; HSP90 = heat shock protein 90 kDa; MEF2D = myocyte enhancer factor 2D; MyoD = myogenic differentiation; PLAG1 = pleomorphic adenoma gene-1; PLAG2 = pleomorphic adenoma gene-2; RELA = V-Rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A; SHP = small heterodimer partner; SIR2 = silent information regulator-2.; SIRT = Sirtuin; SMAD7 = SMAD family member-7; STAT3 = signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; YY1 = Yin and Yang 1.