Table 2.
Logistic Regression Models Documenting the Effects of Sexual Minority Status and Social Norms on Substance Use.
| Recent | Lifetime | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| B (SE) | AOR (95% CI) | B (SE) | AOR (95% CI) | |
| Tobacco | ||||
| Step 1 | 1.37 (0.40)** | 3.95 (1.81, 8.60) | 1.96 (0.26)*** | 7.11 (4.24, 11.9) |
| Sexual Minority | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.46 (0.54) | 1.59 (0.55, 4.59) | 1.60 (0.34)*** | 4.93 (2.52, 9.64) |
| Sexual Minority | ||||
| HB | 0.46 (0.22)* | 1.59 (1.03, 2.44) | 0.24 (0.17) | 1.27 (0.91, 1.75) |
| Close Friend DN | 1.15 (0.16)*** | 3.16 (2.30, 4.35) | 1.04 (0.12)*** | 2.83 (2.25, 3.56) |
| Friend IN | 0.47 (0.22)* | 1.60 (1.04, 2.45) | 0.51 (0.15)** | 1.66 (1.23, 2.23) |
| Parent IN | 0.91 (0.25)*** | 2.49 (1.52, 4.09) | 0.63 (0.20)** | 1.87 (1.27, 2.78) |
| Marijuana | ||||
| Step 1 | 1.50 (0.25)*** | 4.50 (2.77, 7.32) | 1.16 (0.21)*** | 3.18 (2.10, 4.81) |
| Sexual Minority | ||||
| Step 2 | 1.49 (0.33)*** | 4.46 (2.35, 8.47) | 1.06 (0.28)*** | 2.88 (1.65, 5.02) |
| Sexual Minority | ||||
| HB | −0.32 (0.20) | 0.72 (0.49, 1.07) | −0.30 (0.16) | 0.74 (0.54, 1.02) |
| Close Friend DN | 1.21 (0.11)*** | 3.35 (2.73, 4.12) | 1.26 (0.09)*** | 3.53 (2.98, 4.19) |
| Friend IN | 0.40 (0.13)** | 1.49 (1.15, 1.93) | 0.43 (0.10)*** | 1.53 (1.25, 1.88) |
| Parent IN | 0.78 (0.18)*** | 2.17 (1.54, 3.07) | 0.66 (0.15)*** | 1.94 (1.46, 2.60) |
| Alcohol | ||||
| Step 1 | 0.74 (0.36)* | 2.09 (1.03, 4.24) | 0.94 (0.20)*** | 2.55 (1.72, 3.78) |
| Sexual Minority | ||||
| Step 2 | 0.23 (0.46) | 1.26 (0.51, 3.07) | 0.57 (0.25)* | 1.76 (1.08, 2.87) |
| Sexual Minority | ||||
| HV | 0.00 (0.22) | 1.00 (0.65, 1.54) | −0.04 (0.13) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.23) |
| Close Friend DN | 1.22 (0.13)*** | 3.39 (2.65, 4.34) | 0.81 (0.07)*** | 2.25 (1.95, 2.59) |
| Friend IN | 0.36 (0.17)* | 1.44 (1.04, 1.99) | 0.44 (0.09)*** | 1.55 (1.31, 1.84) |
| Parent IN | 0.77 (0.21)*** | 2.15 (1.43, 3.24) | 0.69 (0.13)*** | 1.99 (1.55, 2.55) |
| Prescription Drugs | ||||
| Step 1 | ||||
| Sexual Minority | 1.49 (0.46)** | 4.44 (1.80, 10.93) | 1.34 (0.31)*** | 3.82 (2.09, 6.97) |
| Step 2 | ||||
| Sexual Minority | 1.00 (0.58) | 2.73 (0.89, 8.44) | 0.83 (0.38)* | 2.29 (1.08, 4.86) |
| HB | −0.05 (0.30) | 0.95 (0.53, 1.70) | 0.13 (0.19) | 1.14 (0.79, 1.64) |
| Close Friend DN | 1.03 (0.20)*** | 2.79 (1.89, 4.12) | 0.86 (0.12)*** | 2.37 (1.87, 3.00) |
| Friend IN | 1.06 (0.27)*** | 2.90 (1.70, 4.94) | 0.76 (0.16)*** | 2.14 (1.57, 2.91) |
| Parent IN | 0.44 (0.26) | 1.56 (0.91, 2.67) | 0.43 (0.20)* | 1.53 (1.03, 2.27) |
Sexual minority variable coded as 0 (heterosexual) or 1 (sexual minority). Models accounted for age, gender, race and ethnicity, and grade level.
B = unstandardized beta; DN = descriptive norms; HB = homophobic bullying; IN = injunctive norms; SE = standard error.
*
p < 0.05.
**
p < 0.01.
***
p < 0.001.