. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Aug 30.

Published in final edited form as: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010 Mar 3;14(2):157–174. doi: 10.1017/S1461145710000179

Table 1.

Gestational nicotine exposure modified mRNA expression of cell adhesion molecules and intracellular anchoring proteins

Cell adhesion family	Gene symbol	Gene name	Fold change (±S.D.)
Cell adhesion family	Gene symbol	Gene name	CPu	NAc	PFC	Amy
Neurexin	Nrxn1^a	Neurexin1	0.79±0.27	1.42±1.15	0.94±0.27	0.84±0.35
	Nrxn2	Neurexin2	0.76±0.11	0.78±0.11	0.72±0.20	0.99±0.65
	Nrxn3^a	Neurexin3	0.62±0.25	1.12±0.83	0.75±0.02^*	0.84±0.23
	Nlgn1	Neuroligin1	0.60±0.16^*	1.25±0.84	0.84±0.08	0.86±0.21
Immunoglobulin	Ncam1	Neural cell adhesion molecule 1	0.84±0.32	0.93±0.14	0.96±0.05	0.47±0.05^**
	Cntn4^a	Contactin 4	0.45±0.01^***	0.67±0.01	0.66±0.04^**	1.20±0.23
	Cntn5^a	Contactin 5	0.72±0.07^*	1.20±0.96	0.82±0.67	1.06±0.79
	Cntn6^a	Contactin 6	0.66±0.15^*	1.13±0.30	0.74±0.16	1.12±0.99
	Dscam^a	Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule	0.66±0.17^*	1.46±0.08	0.66±0.12^*	0.95±0.43
	Pecam1	Platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1	0.97±0.45	0.94±0.21	1.32±0.52	0.59±0.03^*
Integrin	Itgb1	Integrin beta 1	0.97±0.25	1.28±0.49	0.99±0.25	1.12±1.00
	Postn	Periostin, osteoblast specific factor	0.65±0.03^***	1.40±0.11^*	1.58±0.42^*	1.00±0.70
	Vcl^b	Vinculin	0.74±0.28	0.72±0.30	1.09±0.03	1.22±0.71
	Actn1^b	Actinin, alpha 1	0.46±0.13^*	0.69±0.27	0.95±0.18	0.93±0.40
	Zyx^b	Zyxin	0.54±0.62	1.09±0.24	0.61±0.01	0.80±0.07
Cadherin	Cdh13^a	Cadherin 13	0.51±0.21^*	0.74±0.11	0.94±0.06	1.02±0.68
	Pcdh9^a	Protocadherin 9	0.89±0.07	0.83±0.17	1.15±0.07	0.86±0.13
	Ctnna1^b	Catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha 1	0.63±0.07^**	1.17±0.42	0.73±0.21	0.87±0.31
	Ctnna2^b	Catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha 2	0.67±0.03^***	1.22±0.16	0.85±0.13	1.10±0.92
	Ctnna3^b	Catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha 3	0.67±0.20	1.32±0.54	0.67±0.90	1.37±0.56
	Ctnnb1^b	Catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	0.71±0.05^**	1.08±0.33	0.76±0.12	1.03±0.65
	Ctnnd2^a ^b	Catenin (cadherin-associated protein), delta 2	0.61±0.09^**	1.28±0.13	0.67±0.18	0.95±0.44
	Vcl^b	Vinculin	0.74±0.28	0.72±0.30	1.09±0.03	1.22±0.71
	Actn1^b	Actinin, alpha 1	0.46±0.13^*	0.69±0.27	0.95±0.18	0.93±0.40
	Fyn^b	Fyn proto-oncogene	0.62±0.10^**	1.13±0.36	0.89±0.12	0.96±0.82
Adhesion GPCR	Bai3^a	Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 3	0.59±0.16^*	0.74±0.27	0.96±0.11	0.94±0.32
Adhesion GPCR	Lphn3^a	Latrophilin 3	0.66±0.18^*	1.08±0.56	1.06±0.17	0.62±0.02^*
Others	Lrrn1^a	Leucine rich repeat neuronal 1	0.75±0.18	1.33±0.69	1.10±0.32	0.91±0.25
	Ptprd^a	Receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase D	0.30±0.37	0.57±0.11^*	1.69±0.82	0.79±0.14
	Csmd1^a	CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1	0.66±0.04^***	1.13±0.33	0.54±0.05	0.96±0.03
	Sgcz^a	Sarcoglycan zeta	0.69±0.03	0.99±0.17	1.46±0.47	0.65±0.05^**

CPu, Caudate putamen; NAc, nucleus accumbens; PFC, prefrontal cortex; Amy, amygdala. GPCR, G protein coupled receptor. Cell adhesion molecules and intracellular anchor proteins were modified by gestational nicotine exposure (GN). Fold change >1 indicates up-regulation of gene expression, whereas fold change <1 indicates down-regulation by GN. Data are from qRT–PCR array.

Genes suggested as being associated with drug addiction in human studies.

Genes encode intracellular proteins anchoring cell adhesion molecules.

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01,

^***

p<0.001 significant difference between GN and control animals.