Table 1.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Study Participants.
| Characteristic | Value |
|---|---|
| Number of participants (age ≤14 y) | 837 |
| Age, mean ± SD | 7.26 ± 3.7 |
| Male | 424 (50.7) |
| Female | 413 (49.3) |
| Without caries | 411 (49.1) |
| With caries | 426 (50.9) |
| Number of families | 333 |
| Pennsylvania | 110 (33.0) |
| West Virginia | 223 (67.0) |
| Family with only healthy children | 80 (24.0) |
| Family with only carious children | 88 (26.4) |
| Family with carious and healthy children | 165 (49.6) |
| Average number of children/family | 2.51 ± 0.84 |
| Family with 2 children | 210 (63.1) |
| Family with 3 children | 91 (27.3) |
| Family with more than 3 children | 32 (9.6) |
| Average family per person incomea | 2.74 ± 1.72 |
| Family with per person income scale 1 to 3 | 229 |
| Family with per person income scale 4 to 6 | 93 |
| Family with per person income scale 7 to 10 | 11 |
| Average adult education (y)b | 13.12 ± 2.16 |
| Adult with less than high school education | 67 (20.1) |
| Adult with high school education | 91 (27.3) |
| Adult with some college education | 124 (37.2) |
| Adult with college education | 28 (8.4) |
| Adult with more than college education | 23 (6.9) |
| Number of families with smokers | 151 (45.3) |
| Average number of smokers per familyc | 1.37 ± 0.56 |
| Family with 1 smoker | 100 (30.0) |
| Family with 2 smokers | 47 (14.1) |
| Family with more than 2 smokers | 4 (1.2) |
Children aged 14 and younger enrolled in the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA, cohort COHRA1) from the 333 households where 2 or more children aged 14 y or younger participated. Values are presented as mean ± SD or number (%).
Family’s average annual income/person is calculated as the average income per individual based on scaled personal income from enrolled adults and older children (>14 y) who reported income. The scale was 1 = less than $10,000, 2 = $10,000 to $14,999, 3 = $15,000 to $24,999, 4 = $25,000 to $34,999, 5 = $35,000 to $49,999, 6 = $50,000 to $74,999, 7 = $75,000 to $99,999, 8 = $100,000 to $149,999, 9 = $150,000 to $199,999, and 10 = $200,000 or more.
Average adult education is calculated as the average number of years of education among enrolled adults in the family.
Calculated only among families with smokers.