Table 4.
Health-related indices for men with sarcopenia as defined by DXA-measured ASM or predicted ASM in the development and cross-validation groups
| Sarcopenia defined by DXA-measured ASM | P value* | Sarcopenia defined by predicted ASM | P value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Class 1 sarcopenia | Class 2 sarcopenia | One-way ANCOVA | Post hoc analysis | Normal | Class 1 sarcopenia | Class 2 sarcopenia | One-way ANCOVA | Post hoc analysis | |
| N | 230 (61.2%) | 118 (31.4%) | 28 (7.4%) | – | – | 234 (62.2%) | 122 (32.5%) | 20 (5.3%) | – | – |
| Age (years) | 45 ± 14 | 51 ± 18 | 62 ± 22 | – | – | 45 ± 14 | 52 ± 18 | 66 ± 21 | – | – |
| Height (cm) | 170.7 ± 6.1 | 169.0 ± 6.2 | 168.0 ± 5.7 | N.S. | 170.5 ± 6.1 | 169.6 ± 6.0 | 166.1 ± 6.2 | N.S. | ||
| Weight (kg) | 71.1 ± 8.1 | 63.3 ± 6.2 | 57.1 ± 6.7 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 71.4 ± 8.0 | 62.7 ± 5.7 | 54.5 ± 4.7 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 ± 2.4 | 22.2 ± 1.7 | 20.2 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 24.5 ± 2.3 | 21.8 ± 1.6 | 19.8 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.7 ± 7.7 | 81.0 ± 6.8 | 78.9 ± 7.7 | < 0.001 | a, b | 84.8 ± 7.6 | 80.8 ± 7.1 | 78.1 ± 6.3 | < 0.001 | a, b |
| % body fat (%) | 19.7 ± 4.7 | 20.3 ± 4.6 | 20.7 ± 4.4 | N.S. | 20.4 ± 4.7 | 19.4 ± 4.7 | 18.7 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 | a | |
| LEP/weight (W/kg) | 24.5 ± 6.2 | 20.0 ± 5.8 | 18.1 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 | a, b | 24.2 ± 6.3 | 20.8 ± 5.9 | 15.9 ± 4.8 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 42.6 ± 6.2 | 37.3 ± 5.6 | 33.1 ± 5.9 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 42.7 ±6.2 | 37.1 ± 5.0 | 29.5 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Whole-body BMD (g/cm2) | 1.173 ± 0.108 | 1.118 ± 0.106 | 1.052 ± 0.098 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 1.176 ± 0.110 | 1.109 ± 0.095 | 1.040 ± 0.110 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Arm BMD (g/cm2) | 0.818 ± 0.065 | 0.770 ± 0.053 | 0.735 ± 0.051 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 0.818 ± 0.065 | 0.770 ± 0.053 | 0.725 ± 0.060 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 1.055 ± 0.171 | 1.042 ± 0.159 | 0.975 ± 0.186 | < 0.05 | b | 1.061 ± 0.169 | 1.032 ± 0.164 | 0.941 ± 0.171 | < 0.01 | b, c |
| Leg BMD (g/cm2) | 1.282 ± 0.111 | 1.204 ± 0.107 | 1.123 ± 0.095 | <0.001 | a, b, c | 1.281 ± 0.111 | 1.198 ± 0.104 | 1.119 ± 0.119 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 92.3 ± 10.2 | 90.0 ± 10.3 | 90.1 ± 11.6 | < 0.001 | a | 92.3 ± 10.0 | 89.8 ± 10.2 | 91.3 ± 13.9 | < 0.001 | a |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.23 ± 0.45 | 5.23 ± 0.43 | 5.52 ± 0.52 | N.S. | 5.23 ± 0.44 | 5.24 ± 0.46 | 5.54 ± 0.45 | N.S. | ||
| TG (mg/dl) | 105.0 ± 56.2 | 98.1 ± 55.1 | 102.7 ± 59.6 | N.S. | 105.6 ± 57.3 | 95.3 ± 50.8 | 113.2 ± 68.5 | N.S. | ||
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 56.0 ± 12.7 | 58.2 ± 12.6 | 58.3 ± 14.4 | N.S. | 56.2 ± 13.2 | 57.3 ± 11.7 | 62.2 ± 14.2 | N.S. | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 122 ± 14 | 121 ± 15 | 129 ± 18 | < 0.05 | b, c | 122 ± 14 | 122 ± 14 | 129 ± 20 | N.S. | |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | 74 ± 10 | < 0.001 | N.S. | 75 ± 11 | 75 ± 10 | 71 ± 10 | < 0.001 | N.S. |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1285 ± 214 | 1378 ± 291 | 1609 ± 408 | < 0.01 | a, b, c | 1291 ± 222 | 1378 ± 300 | 1653 ± 380 | < 0.05 | a, b, c |
| DXA-measured ASM (kg) | 24.8 ± 2.5 | 21.2 ± 1.7 | 18.5 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 24.5 ± 2.7 | 21.5 ± 2.1 | 18.4 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Predicted ASM (kg) | 24.4 ± 2.6 | 21.6 ± 2.0 | 19.2 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 24.5 ± 2.5 | 21.4 ± 1.7 | 18.1 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. *One-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of age and post hoc analysis using the least significant t test (mean difference between two groups): a normal vs. class 1, b normal vs. class 2, c class 1 vs. class 2, all P < 0.05. BMI body mass index, LEP leg extension power, BMD bone mineral density, FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c glycohemoglobin A1c, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass