Table 5.
Health-related indices for women with sarcopenia as defined by DXA-measured ASM or predicted ASM in the development and cross-validation groups
| Sarcopenia defined by DXA-measured ASM | P value* | Sarcopenia defined by predicted ASM | P value* | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Class 1 sarcopenia | Class 2 sarcopenia | One-way ANCOVA | Post hoc analysis | Normal | Class 1 sarcopenia | Class 2 sarcopenia | One-way ANCOVA | Post hoc analysis | |
| N | 577 (56.3%) | 358 (34.9%) | 90 (8.8%) | – | – | 557 (54.3%) | 443 (43.2%) | 25 (2.4%) | – | – |
| Age (years) | 54 ± 16 | 54 ± 16 | 56 ± 16 | – | – | 52 ± 15 | 56 ± 17 | 64 ± 19 | – | – |
| Height (cm) | 156.4 ± 6.3 | 156.5 ± 5.9 | 155.8 ± 6.0 | N.S. | 157.0 ± 6.0 | 155.8 ± 6.1 | 151.0 ± 5.5 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | |
| Weight (kg) | 56.9 ± 7.2 | 50.7 ± 5.3 | 47.0 ± 4.9 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 58.2 ± 6.4 | 49.2 ± 4.1 | 40.8 ± 3.5 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 ± 2.8 | 20.7 ± 2.0 | 19.4 ± 1.8 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 23.6 ± 2.6 | 20.3 ± 1.7 | 17.9 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 82.6 ± 9.7 | 77.5 ± 8.0 | 75.0 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 83.0 ± 9.7 | 77.0 ± 7.7 | 72.3 ± 7.7 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| % body fat (%) | 28.8 ± 6.1 | 28.2 ± 5.4 | 29.0 ± 4.7 | N.S. | 30.3 ± 5.7 | 26.7 ± 5.1 | 23.8 ± 5.1 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | |
| LEP/weight (W/kg) | 15.4 ± 4.2 | 15.0 ± 4.2 | 13.6 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 | b, c | 15.4 ±4.2 | 14.8 ± 4.2 | 12.5 ± 3.9 | N.S. | |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 26.3 ± 4.7 | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 22.7 ± 4.0 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 27.2 ± 4.3 | 23.6 ± 3.6 | 19.1 ± 2.5 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Whole-body BMD (g/cm2) | 1.031 ± 0.122 | 1.004 ± 0.108 | 0.972 ± 0.112 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 1.044 ± 0.114 | 0.986 ± 0.112 | 0.919 ± 0.116 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Arm BMD (g/cm2) | 0.652 ± 0.067 | 0.633 ± 0.065 | 0.614 ± 0.064 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 0.659 ± 0.062 | 0.624 ± 0.066 | 0.581 ± 0.079 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Lumbar spine BMD (g/cm2) | 0.992 ± 0.171 | 0.942 ± 0.158 | 0.901 ± 0.169 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 1.005 ± 0.165 | 0.928 ± 0.161 | 0.810 ± 0.149 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Leg BMD (g/cm2) | 1.060 ± 0.110 | 1.018 ± 0.102 | 0.972 ± 0.094 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 1.070 ± 0.100 | 1.005 ±0.105 | 0.916 ± 0.112 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| FPG (mg/dl) | 90.1 ± 10.0 | 87.9 ± 9.4 | 87.7 ± 11.4 | < 0.01 | a, b | 90.3 ± 10.1 | 88.0 ± 9.8 | 82.9 ± 6.6 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.40 ± 0.43 | 5.35 ± 0.40 | 5.33 ± 0.40 | < 0.05 | N.S. | 5.37 ± 0.43 | 5.38 ± 0.40 | 5.37 ± 0.36 | N.S. | |
| TG (mg/dl) | 85.5 ± 47.2 | 81.5 ± 40.8 | 77.7 ± 35.9 | N.S. | 88.9 ± 49.9 | 77.4 ± 35.7 | 68.4 ± 24.2 | < 0.001 | a, b | |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 68.3 ± 15.5 | 70.7 ± 15.7 | 69.0 ± 15.6 | N.S. | 66.7 ± 15.1 | 71.8 ± 15.8 | 78.4 ± 13.6 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 ± 17 | 116 ± 17 | 119 ± 20 | < 0.001 | a, c | 120 ± 17 | 117 ± 17 | 124 ± 26 | < 0.001 | a,c |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71 ± 11 | 68 ± 10 | 70 ± 11 | < 0.001 | a | 71 ± 11 | 68 ± 10 | 69 ± 13 | < 0.001 | a |
| baPWV (cm/s) | 1282 ± 237 | 1296 ± 257 | 1385 ± 336 | < 0.001 | b, c | 1267 ± 226 | 1320 ± 272 | 1503 ± 413 | < 0.01 | a, b, c |
| DXA-measured ASM (kg) | 16.3 ± 1.8 | 14.3 ± 1.1 | 12.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 16.2 ± 1.8 | 14.4 ± 1.5 | 12.3 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
| Predicted ASM (kg) | 15.7 ± 1.7 | 14.7 ± 1.4 | 13.9 ± 1.4 | < 0.001 | a, b, c | 16.1 ± 1.5 | 14.3 ± 1.2 | 12.1 ± 1.0 | < 0.001 | a, b, c |
Data are presented as mean ± SD. *One-way ANCOVA with adjustment for the covariate of age and post hoc analysis using the least significant t test (mean difference between two groups): a normal vs. class 1, b normal vs. class 2, c class 1 vs. class 2, all P < 0.05. BMI body mass index, LEP leg extension power, BMD bone mineral density, FPG fasting plasma glucose, Hb1c glycohemoglobin A1c, TG triglycerides, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, baPWV brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, ASM appendicular skeletal muscle mass