Table 1.
Patient Demographics and Infection Characteristics According to Failure or Success of Treatment
| No Treatment Failure (N = 403) | Treatment Failure (N = 114) | P Value | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | ||||
| Age y (range) | 53.00 (40.00–63.00) | 52.50 (39.00–67.00) | 0.94 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) |
| Female (%) | 180 (44.67) | 49 (43.00) | 0.75 | 0.93 (0.61–1.42) |
| Body mass index (range) | 27.00 (23.00–32.00) | 28.50 (23.00–34.00) | 0.36 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (%) | 16 (3.97) | 3 (2.63) | 0.78 | 0.65 (0.18–2.29) |
| Pulmonary disease (%) | 41 (10.17) | 10 (8.77) | 0.66 | 0.85 (0.41–1.75) |
| Coronary artery disease (%) | 58 (14.39) | 12 (10.53) | 0.29 | 0.70 (0.36–1.35) |
| Peripheral vascular disease (%) | 22 (5.46) | 4 (3.51) | 0.40 | 0.63 (0.21–1.87) |
| NIDDM (%) | 38 (9.43) | 4 (3.51) | 0.04 | 0.35 (0.12–1.00) |
| IDDM (%) | 26 (6.45) | 10 (8.77) | 0.39 | 1.39 (0.65–2.98) |
| Chronic kidney disease (%) | 11 (2.73) | 5 (4.39) | 0.37 | 1.64 (0.56–4.81) |
| Hemodialysis (%) | 7 (1.74) | 2 (1.75) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.21–4.93) |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (%) | 38 (9.43) | 15 (13.16) | 0.25 | 1.45 (0.77–2.75) |
| Hepatic insufficiency (%) | 15 (3.72) | 2 (1.75) | 0.39 | 0.46 (0.10–2.05) |
| Malignancy (%) | 45 (11.17) | 14 (12.28) | 0.74 | 1.11 (0.59–2.11) |
| Steroid use (%) | 19 (4.71) | 12 (10.53) | 0.02 | 2.38 (1.12–5.06) |
| Transfusion (%) | 32 (7.94) | 11 (9.65) | 0.56 | 1.24 (0.60–2.54) |
| Infection data | ||||
| CAI (%) | 252 (62.53) | 69 (60.53) | 0.70 | 0.92 (0.60–1.41) |
| HAI (%) | 105 (26.05) | 22 (19.30) | 0.14 | 0.68 (0.41–1.14) |
| HospAI (%) | 46 (11.41) | 23 (20.18) | 0.02 | 1.96 (1.13–3.40) |
| APACHE II (range) | 9 (5–13) | 10 (6–15) | 0.01 | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) |
| APACHE II >15 (%) | 78 (19.35) | 33 (28.95) | 0.03 | 1.70 (1.06 2.73) |
| Mean WBC maximum (mm3/mL) (range) | 15.60 (11.40–9.50) | 15.85 (12.00–20.00) | 0.41 | 1.02 (1.00–1.04) |
| Mean temperature maximum (°C) (range) | 37.60 (37.10–38.30) | 37.75 (37.00–38.50) | 0.38 | 1.15 (0.90–1.46) |
| Gram positive (%) | 159 (39.45) | 47 (41.23) | 0.73 | 1.08 (0.71–1.64) |
| Gram negative (%) | 148 (36.72) | 44 (38.60) | 0.72 | 1.08 (0.71–1.66) |
| Anaerobic (%) | 85 (21.09) | 29 (25.44) | 0.32 | 1.28 (0.79–2.07) |
| Fungi (%) | 43 (10.67) | 15 (25.44) | 0.46 | 1.26 (0.68–2.38) |
| Site (%) | ||||
| Esophagus | 2 (0.50) | 1 (0.88) | 0.53 | 1.78 (0.16–19.76) |
| Stomach | 25 (6.20) | 6 (5.26) | 0.71 | 0.84 (0.34–0.10) |
| Duodenum | 16 (3.97) | 7 (6.14) | 0.32 | 1.58 (0.64–3.94) |
| Liver | 14 (3.47) | 4 (3.51) | 1.00 | 1.01 (0.33–3.13) |
| Biliary tree | 51 (12.66) | 5 (4.39) | 0.01 | 0.32 (0.12–0.81) |
| Pancreas | 14 (3.47) | 2 (1.75) | 0.54 | 0.50 (0.11–2.22) |
| Small intestine | 60 (14.89) | 13 (11.40) | 0.35 | 0.74 (0.39–1.40) |
| Colon | 128 (31.76) | 49 (42.98) | 0.03 | 1.62 (1.05–2.48) |
| Appendix | 56 (13.90) | 17 (14.91) | 0.78 | 1.09 (0.60–1.95) |
| Abdominal wall | 10 (2.48) | 3 (2.63) | 1.00 | 1.06 (0.29–3.93) |
| Other | 27 (6.70) | 7 (6.14) | 0.83 | 0.91 (0.39–2.15) |
Categorical variables are listed as N (%) and continuous variables as median (interquartile range).
APACHE = Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CAI = community-acquired infection; CI = confidence interval; HAI = healthcare-associated infection; HospAI = hospital-associated infection; IDDM = insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; NIDDM = non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; WBC = white blood cells.