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. 2017 Sep 1;33(9):905–918. doi: 10.1089/aid.2016.0303

FIG. 3.

FIG. 3.

Assay of IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-β. (A) Baseline levels of IL-6 in plasma samples of Healthy Baseline and HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the plasma samples from HIV patients compared to the healthy individuals. IL-6 was assayed in the plasma samples by sandwich ELISA using assay kits procured from eBioscience. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 30 individuals with HIV. (B) IL-6 levels in the plasma from the HIV placebo group with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. There were no changes in the levels of IL-6 in the plasma samples isolated from the HIV-positive subjects at 3 months post-treatment with empty liposomes. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with HIV placebo. (C) IL-6 levels in the plasma from the HIV-L-GSH group with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. There was a significant decrease in the levels of IL-6 in the plasma samples isolated from the HIV-positive subjects at 3 months post-treatment with L-GSH. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with HIV-L-GSH. (D) Baseline levels of IL-10 in plasma samples of Healthy Baseline and HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the plasma samples from HIV patients compared to the healthy individuals. IL-10 was assayed in the plasma samples by sandwich ELISA using assay kits procured from eBioscience. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 30 individuals with HIV. (E) IL-10 levels in the plasma from the HIV placebo group with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. There were no changes in the levels of IL-10 in the plasma samples isolated from the HIV-positive subjects at 3 months post-treatment with empty liposomes. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with HIV placebo. (F) IL-10 levels in the plasma from the HIV-L-GSH group with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. There was a significant decrease in the levels of IL-10 in the plasma samples isolated from the HIV-positive subjects at 3 months post-treatment with L-GSH. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with HIV-L-GSH. (G) Baseline levels of TGF-β in plasma samples of Healthy Baseline and HIV-positive subjects with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. TGF-β levels were significantly increased in the plasma samples from HIV patients compared to the healthy individuals. TGF-β was assayed in the plasma samples by sandwich ELISA using assay kits procured from eBioscience. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 30 individuals with HIV. (H) TGF-β levels in the plasma from the HIV placebo group with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. There was a significant increase in the levels of TGF-β in the plasma samples isolated from the HIV-positive subjects at 3 months post-treatment with empty liposomes. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with HIV placebo. (I) TGF-β levels in the plasma from the HIV-L-GSH group with CD4+ T cell counts below 350 cells/mm3. There was a stabilization in the levels of TGF-β in the plasma samples isolated from the HIV-positive subjects at 3 months post-treatment with L-GSH. Data represent mean ± SE from 16 healthy individuals and 15 individuals with HIV-L-GSH, *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.005; ****p ≤ 0.0005. IL, interleukin; TGF, transforming growth factor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.