Table 1.
Infant and maternal characteristics in the study population
| Characteristics | Uncircumcised infants n = 291 | Circumcised infants included in the analysis n = 2847 (99.9%) | Total circumcised infants n = 2850a |
|---|---|---|---|
| Income status of household (quintile) | |||
| 1 (Lowest) | 115 (39.5%) | 387 (13.6%) | 387 (13.6%) |
| 2 | 75 (25.8%) | 532 (18.7%) | 532 (18.7%) |
| 3 | 47 (16.2%) | 628 (22.1%) | 628 (22.1%) |
| 4 | 38 (13.0%) | 687 (21.1%) | 687 (24.1%) |
| 5 (Highest) | 16 (5.5%) | 613 (21.5%) | 613 (21.5%) |
| Missing data | – | – | 3 (0.1%) |
| Distance to health facility | |||
| < 1 km | 101 (34.7%) | 1444 (50.7%) | 1444 (50.7%) |
| 1–4.9 km | 60 (20.6%) | 741 (26.0%) | 741 (26.0%) |
| 5–10 km | 84 (2.9%) | 400 (14.0%) | 400 (14.0%) |
| 10 km or more | 45 (15.5%) | 186 (6.5%) | 186 (6.5%) |
| Missing data | 1 (0.3%) | 76 (2.7%) | 79 (2.8%) |
| Cost of circumcisionb | |||
| Free | – | 539 (18.9%) | 539 (18.9%) |
| Less than 10 Ghs | – | 145 (5.1%) | 145 (5.1%) |
| Between 10 and 20 Ghs | – | 1530 (53.7%) | 1530 (53.7%) |
| 20 Ghs or more | – | 554 (19.5) | 554 (19.4) |
| Missing data | – | 79 (2.8%) | 82 (2.9%) |
| Maternal occupation | |||
| Gov’t/private employed | 4 (1.4%) | 105 (3.7%) | 105 (3.7%) |
| Self-employed | 53 (18.2%) | 927 (32.6%) | 927 (32.5%) |
| Farming | 101 (34.7%) | 589 (20.7%) | 589 (20.7%) |
| Not working | 49 (16.8%) | 484 (17.0%) | 484 (17.0%) |
| Missing data | 84 (28.9%) | 742 (26.0%) | 745 (26.4%) |
| Maternal highest educational level | |||
| None | 89 (30.6%) | 512 (18.0%) | 512 (18.0%) |
| Primary | 138 (47.2%) | 1481 (52.0%) | 1482 (52.0%) |
| Secondary | 63 (21.6%) | 850 (29.9%) | 852 (29.9%) |
| Missing data | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (0.1%) | 4 (0.1%) |
| Religion | |||
| Christian | 186 (8.3%) | 2048 (71.9%) | 2048 (71.9%) |
| Muslim | 61 (8.4%) | 666 (23.4%) | 666 (23.4%) |
| Traditional African/none | 42 (24.6%) | 129 (4.5%) | 129 (4.5%) |
| Missing data | 2 (0.7%) | 4 (0.1%) | 7 (0.2%) |
| Maternal age (years) | |||
| Less than 20 | 41 (14.1%) | 319 (11.2%) | 319 (11.2% |
| 20–29 | 145 (49.8%) | 1458 (51.2%) | 1458 (51.2%) |
| 30 or more | 104 (35.7%) | 1066 (37.4%) | 1066 (37.4%) |
| Missing data | 1 (0.3%) | 4 (0.1%) | 7 (0.2%) |
| Site of delivery | |||
| Health facility | 187 (64.3%) | 2292 (80.5%) | 2292 (80.4%) |
| Home | 101 (34.7%) | 549 (19.3%) | 549 (19.3%) |
| Missing data | 3 (1.0%) | 6 (0.2%) | 9 (0.3%) |
| Birth weight | |||
| Less than 2.5 kg | 41 (14.1%) | 214 (7.5%) | 214 (7.5%) |
| 2.5 kg or greater | 250 (85.9%) | 2633 (92.5%) | 2636 (92.5%) |
| Missing data | – | – | – |
| Type of circumcision provider | – | ||
| Formal provider | – | 1177 (41.3%) | 1177 (41.3%) |
| Informal provider | – | 1670 (58.7%) | 1670 (58.6%) |
| Missing data | – | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.1%) |
| Age at circumcision | |||
| 0–6 days | – | 117 (4.1%) | 117 (4.1%) |
| 7–20 days | – | 2556 (89.8%) | 2556 (89.7%) |
| > 20 days | – | 172 (6.0%) | 172 (6.0%) |
| Missing data | – | 2 (0.1%) | 5 (0.2%) |
aThree circumcised infants had no socioeconomic and demographic data due to field worker error
b1 Ghs = 0.6 $US (2012)