Table 4.

Adjusted Associations Between Covariates and Time-Varying Condom-Only Users (vs. Dual Method Users) Among Sexually Active HIV-Discordant Couples Who Are Not Currently Pregnant and Not Sterilized

	Primary analysis (1994–2012)				Subanalysis (2002–2011)
	aHR	95% CI		p-Value (two-tail)	aHR	95% CI		p-Value (two-tail)
Couple serostatus
M+F−	1.15	1.09	1.22	<0.0001	1.14	1.02	1.27	0.021
M−F+	Ref.				Ref.
Woman's age in years (aHR per 5-year increase)	1.04	1.02	1.06	<0.001	1.06	1.02	1.11	0.003
Baseline contraceptive method used
None/condoms alone	Ref.				Ref.
OCP	0.76	0.20	0.87	<0.0001	0.56	0.43	0.73	<0.0001
Injectable	0.48	0.38	0.60	<0.0001	0.39	0.28	0.56	<0.0001
Implant	0.60	0.36	0.995	0.048	1.18	0.90	1.55	0.239
IUD	0.52	0.24	1.13	0.096	n/a
HIV stage of HIV+ partner
Stage I	Ref.				Ref.
Stage II	1.01	0.94	1.08	0.789	1.00	0.88	1.14	0.988
Stage III or IV	1.10	1.03	1.17	0.005	1.11	0.98	1.26	0.106
Woman lifetime number of sex partners (aHR per partner increase)	1.01	1.00	1.01	<0.0001	1.01	1.01	1.01	<0.0001
Postpartum status (time varying)a
Not pregnant/not postpartum	Ref.				Ref.
Postpartum (up to 6 months)	1.25	1.17	1.34	<0.0001	1.37	1.22	1.54	<0.0001
Fertility intentions of woman (2002–2011)
Yes, next year					1.39	1.25	1.55	<0.0001
Yes, but not next year					1.20	1.03	1.39	0.017
Don't know/no					Ref.

Analysis excludes n = 40 women who were sterilized at baseline (not at risk for the outcome of interest).

^aTime-varying variable.

aHR, adjusted hazard ratio.