Table 1.

Sequences of Primers Used for Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rat)

	Sequence
Target gene	Forward	Reverse
TNF-α	5′-TGGGCTCCCTCTCATCAGTT-3′	5′-GCTTGTCACTCGAGTTTTGAGAAG-3′
IL-6	5′-CAGAGGATACCACCCACAACAG-3′	5′-TCAGAATTGCCATTGCACAAC-3′
TGF-β1	5′-GGAGAGCCCTGGATACCAACT-3′	5′-TCCAACCCAGGTCCTTCCTA-3′
GAPDH	5′-TGCACCACCAACTGCTTAGC-3′	5′-GCAGTGATGGCATGGACTGT-3′

GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase; IL-6, interleukin-6; TGF-β1, transforming growth factor-β1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.