Table 1.

Characteristics of Emergency Department Toothache Visits by Pain Medication Outcome.

Weighted Counts	Opioid(n = 3,000,000)	No Pain Medicine(n = 900,000)	Only Nonopioid(n = 760,000)
Age, y
19 to 29	46	50	54
30 to 39	27	27	21
40 to 49	17	13	15
50 to 64	10	10	10
Sex
Female	57	50	57
Male	43	50	43
Antibiotics
Yes	80	26	68
No	20	74	32
Pain score
Mild	4a	6a	4a,b
Moderate	13	14	16
Severe	72	57	66
Unknown	11	23	14
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic white	68	69	55
Non-Hispanic black	24	21	39
Hispanic	8	10a	6a,b
Insurance
Private	20	19	9a
Medicare	5	6a,b	10a
Medicaid	27	31	30
Uninsured	37	29	34
Other	11	15	18
Geographic region
Northeast	16	21	110
Midwest	28	23	32
South	39	36	43
West	17	19	7a
Metropolitan statistical area
Yes	79	81	78
No	21	19b	22b
Percentage living in poverty by zip code
<10	37	38	24
10 to 19.9	40	42	45
≥20	22	20	31
Urban-rural by zip code
Large central metro	22	24	21
Large fringe metro	20	19	10b
Medium and small metro	37	39	42
Procedure
None	91	90	90
Related proceduresc	4	1	7
Unrelated procedures	0	2	1
Other	5	7	2

Values are presented as percentages and based on national estimates.

^aRaw counts <30.

^bRelative standard error >30%.

^cIntravenous fluids, incision, and drainage.