Table 2.

Combination of EPCs and cytokines or pretreatment.

Cytokine or pretreatment	Approach	Effect
FGF-2/PDGF-BB	Combined transplantation	EPC migration ↑
SDF-1α/VEGF	Combined transplantation	EPC apoptosis ↓
SDF-1α + VEGF	Combined transplantation	EPC survival ↑, angiogenesis ↑
FGF-2/G-CSF	Combined transplantation	Angiogenesis ↑
TPO + SCF + IL-3	Combined transplantation	EPC proliferation ↑, apoptosis ↓
SDF-1α	Coincubation	Angiogenesis ↑
Nanoparticle	Carrying cytokines	EPC function ↑
Gene transduction	Overexpressing cytokines	EPC function ↑
Ischemic preconditioning	Increasing VEGFR2 expression	Angiogenesis ↑