. 2017 Aug 31;24(4):240–248. doi: 10.3747/co.24.3598

TABLE IV.

Factors associated with the probability of the use of palliative radiation therapy

Covariable	Analysis

	Univariate		Multivariate

	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
Age at death	0.96	0.95 to 0.97	0.96	0.95 to 0.97
Death after 2005	0.79	0.67 to 0.92	0.88	0.74 to 1.04
Bone-targeted therapy	0.84	0.73 to 0.98	0.83	0.71 to 0.98
Chemotherapy	0.74	0.63 to 0.88	0.64	0.53 to 0.77
Rural residence	1.06	0.89 to 1.26	1.05	0.87 to 1.25
Proximity to radiation oncology centre	1.10	0.93 to 1.30	1.19	1.00 to 1.41
Comorbidities^a
Diabetes	1.07	0.89 to 1.28	1.03	0.85 to 1.24
Dyslipidemia	1.11	0.96 to 1.28	1.17	0.98 to 1.39
Hypertension	1.02	0.88 to 1.19	1.14	0.96 to 1.36
Coronary artery disease	0.95	0.81 to 1.11	0.96	0.79 to 1.17
Chronic heart failure	0.86	0.68 to 1.08	0.96	0.74 to 1.26
Cerebrovascular disease	0.78	0.55 to 1.11	0.82	0.57 to 1.18
Arrhythmia	0.76	0.63 to 0.93	0.83	0.66 to 1.03

Comorbidities were registered in the 3rd year preceding death using diagnostics or treatment for chronic diseases [diabetes: ICD-9 code 250 or use of insulin or hypoglycemic agents; dyslipidemia: ICD-9 code 272 or use of lipid-lowering drugs; hypertension: ICD-9 codes 401–404 or use of thiazides or angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitors (without furosemide, calcium channel blockers, or beta blockers), and without other markers of coronary artery disease], cardiovascular events [coronary artery disease: ICD-9 codes 410–414, ICD-10 codes 122–125, a medical procedure (coronary artery bypass grafting, angiography, or angioplasty) or use of oral nitrate; cerebrovascular disease: ICD-9 codes 430–438 or medical procedures; chronic heart failure: ICD-9 codes 398.91, 402, and 428, or a prescription for furosemide with digoxin, angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor, spironolactone, or beta blockers; arrhythmia: diagnosis (ICD-9 codes 426–427), a medical procedure using a pacemaker, and the use of drugs for cardiac arrhythmias (amiodarone, digoxin, quinidine, disopyramide, flecainide, mexiletine, procainamide, propafenone, or sotalol)]³⁹.

OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; ICD = International Classification of Diseases (version 9 or 10).