Table 2.

Risk Factor Adjusted Relative Hazards of Total Mortality After 19 Years of Follow-up According to Baseline (1980–1982) Risk Factor Differences in Japanese Men Aged 61 to 81 Years in Japan and Hawaii.

Risk factor	Risk factor difference^*	Hawaii		Japan
Risk factor	Risk factor difference^*	Relative hazard^†	95% CI	Relative hazard^†	95% CI
Age	10 years	2.68^‖	2.32, 3.09	2.97^‖	2.54, 3.48
Cigarette smoker	Yes vs. no	1.67^‖	1.40, 2.00	1.23^‡	1.05, 1.45
Systolic blood pressure	20 mm Hg	1.16^‖	1.07, 1.26	1.13^§	1.05, 1.21
Treatment for hypertension	Yes vs. no	1.04	0.88, 1.22	1.39^‖	1.16, 1.67
Diabetes	Yes vs. no	1.43^‖	1.17, 1.75	1.22	0.90, 1.65
Total cholesterol	40 mg/dl	0.95	0.87, 1.04	0.94	0.84, 1.04
Body mass index	3 kg/m²	0.91^‡	0.84, 0.99	0.85^‖	0.78, 0.93
Alcohol drinker	Yes vs no	0.95	0.82, 1.11	0.81^‡	0.69, 0.96
Prevalent stroke	Yes vs no	2.56^\|\|	1.85, 3.54	1.56^§	1.14, 2.15
Prevalent coronary heart disease	Yes vs no	1.51^‖	1.22, 1.87	0.85	0.51, 1.40

For continuous risk factors, estimated relative hazards compare the risk of all-cause mortality in men with a high versus low risk factor level where risk factors differ by the amount specified and between men with and without a risk factor condition.

^†

Adjusted for other risk factors in the table.

Significant risk factor effect:

^‡

p<0.05,

^§

p<0.01,

^‖

p<0.001.

Note: The effects of smoking, prevalent stroke, and prevalent coronary heart disease were significantly different between Japan and Hawaii after risk factor adjustment (p<0.05).

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.