Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Variables | Age <65 (n=47) |
Age ≥65 (n=48) |
P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 31 (66.0) | 28 (58.3) | 0.444 |
| Mean age (years), mean ± SD | 49.2±10.9 | 74.8±5.8 | <0.001 |
| ECMO indication | 0.008 | ||
| Myocarditis, n (%) | 8 (17.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.003 |
| PTE, n (%) | 7 (14.9) | 5 (10.4) | 0.511 |
| AMI, n (%) | 18 (38.3) | 31 (64.6) | 0.010 |
| Decompensated HF, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (8.3) | 0.117 |
| Post-cardiotomy, n (%) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (4.2) | 0.677 |
| Idiopathic VT/V.fib, n (%) | 4 (8.5) | 2 (4.2) | 0.435 |
| Other, n (%) | 7 (14.9) | 4 (8.3) | 0.318 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 27 (57.4) | 20 (41.7) | 0.124 |
| CAD, n (%) | 6 (12.8) | 14 (29.2) | 0.050 |
| CVA, n (%) | 1 (2.1) | 6 (12.5) | 0.053 |
| DM, n (%) | 7 (14.9) | 17 (35.4) | 0.021 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 14 (29.8) | 32 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| CKD, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (6.3) | 0.082 |
| Cardiac arrest, n (%) | 29 (61.7) | 27 (56.3) | 0.589 |
| IHCA, n (%) | 17 (63.2) | 17 (35.4) | |
| OHCA, n (%) | 12 (25.5) | 10 (20.8) | |
| CA to ROSC time (min) (IQR) | 40.0 (20.0–62.0) | 38.0 (18.0–55.0) | 0.676 |
| ECG before ECMO | 0.147 | ||
| Asystole, n (%) | 7 (14.9) | 10 (20.8) | |
| PEA, n (%) | 9 (19.2) | 10 (20.8) | |
| VT/V.fib, n (%) | 9 (19.2) | 2 (4.2) | |
| Other, n (%) | 22 (46.8) | 26 (54.2) | |
| GCS score before ECMO, mean ± SD | 8.0±5.1 | 7.7±5.0 | 0.826 |
| APACHE II score, mean ± SD | 18.9±7.2 | 21.5±7.8 | 0.093 |
| Pre-ECMO laboratory finding | |||
| pH, mean ± SD | 7.2±0.2 | 7.3±0.2 | 0.227 |
| HCO3 (mmol/L), mean ± SD | 14.4±5.0 | 15.5±5.8 | 0.365 |
| Potassium (mEq/L), mean ± SD | 4.2±0.8 | 4.3±1.0 | 0.835 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL), mean ± SD | 1.3±0.7 | 1.5±1.2 | 0.499 |
| Platelet (×109/L) (IQR) | 181.0 (111.0–253.0) | 163.5 (123.5–230.0) | 0.832 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) (IQR) | 0.6 (0.4–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | 0.793 |
| CK-MB (ng/mL) (IQR) | 10.2 (3.1–37.7) | 9.9 (3.0–48.1) | 0.845 |
| ECMO weaning, n (%) | 24 (51.1) | 16 (33.3) | 0.354 |
| ECMO duration (days), mean ± SD | 7.1±6.3 | 8.1±7.5 | 0.514 |
| Death in hospital, n (%) | 25 (53.2) | 40 (83.3) | 0.002 |
| Complications | |||
| AKI, n (%) | 21 (44.7) | 20 (41.7) | 0.767 |
| CRRT, n (%) | 17 (36.2) | 14 (29.2) | 0.467 |
| Cannula site bleeding, n (%) | 11 (23.4) | 8 (16.7) | 0.412 |
Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; PTE, pulmonary thromboembolism; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; HF, heart failure; VT, ventricular tachycardia; V.fib, ventricular fibrillation; CAD, coronary artery disease; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; DM, diabetes mellitus; CKD, chronic kidney disease; IHCA, in-hospital cardiac arrest; OHCA, out of hospital cardiac arrest; CA, cardiac arrest; ROSC, return of spontaneous circulation; IQR, inter-quartile range; ECG, electrocardiography; PEA, pulseless electrical activity; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; CK-MB, creatine kinase MB; AKI, acute kidney injury; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy.