Table 2. Serum Parametersa.
| low
fat diet |
high
fat diet |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imidacloprid
(mg/kg BW/day) |
imidacloprid
(mg/kg BW/day) |
P-value |
|||||||||
| control | 0.06 | 0.6 | 6 | control | 0.06 | 0.6 | 6 | dietary fat | imidacloprid | interaction | |
| glucose (mg/dL) | 154.3 ± 27.1 | 139.9 ± 23.7 | 145.1 ± 10.1 | 144.3 ± 5.9 | 152.5 ± 15.1 | 150.9 ± 13.2 | 170.6 ± 9.3 | 141.9 ± 9.4 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
| insulin (ng/mL) | 0.70 ± 0.09 | 0.79 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 1.14 ± 0.18 | 1.02 ± 0.10 | 1.00 ± 0.21 | 1.19 ± 0.25 | 1.45 ± 0.14 | 0.0025 | 0.0269 | n.s. |
| leptin (ng/mL) | 16.1 ± 5.0 | 19.8 ± 4.2 | 12.3 ± 3.8 | 29.1 ± 6.8 | 36.8 ± 5.0 | 47.7 ± 21.7 | 52.5 ± 4.0 | 69.7 ± 11.0 | <0.0001 | 0.0387 | n.s. |
| TG (mg/dL) | 63.1 ± 1.9 | 83.7 ± 7.2 | 75.3 ± 7.2 | 73.0 ± 3.8 | 59.9 ± 5.1 | 67.9 ± 3.7 | 66.3 ± 1.5 | 73.1 ± 2.1 | 0.0378 | 0.0343 | n.s. |
| cholesterol (mg/dL) | 65.3 ± 4.9 | 73.0 ± 6.5 | 71.3 ± 3.6 | 62.4 ± 5.2 | 73.1 ± 2.4 | 68.6 ± 2.8 | 89.3 ± 8.3 | 84.8 ± 8.5 | 0.0098 | n.s. | n.s. |
| NEFA (mEq/L) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 1.3 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.8 ± 0.4 | n.s. | n.s. | n.s. |
a
Mice were treated with three doses of imidacloprid (0.06, 0.6, and 6 mg/kg bw/day). Values represent means ± SE (n = 5–7). Means with different superscripts within the same row are significantly different at P < 0.05. Abbreviations: n.s., not significant; TG, triglyceride; NEFA, nonesterified fatty acid.