Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of addiction treatment patients with chronic pain by utilization of non-pharmacological treatments for pain (N = 501)
| No use of non- pharmacological treatment (N = 258, 51%) |
Used non- pharmacological treatment (N = 243, 49%) |
P-value | Total (N=501) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (Mean, SD) | 35.8 (10.0) | 33.8 (10.6) | 0.04 | 34.8 (10.3) | |
| Male gender | 142 (55%) | 118 (49%) | 0.15 | 260 (52%) | |
| Race | 0.02 | ||||
| White | 192 (74%) | 190 (78%) | 382 (76%) | ||
| African-American | 54 (21%) | 32 (13%) | 86 (17%) | ||
| All others | 12 (5%) | 21 (9%) | 33 (7%) | ||
| Hispanic ethnicity | 14 (5%) | 13 (5%) | 0.97 | 27 (5%) | |
| Married/partnered | 54 (21%) | 54 (19%) | 0.56 | 100 (20%) | |
| Education | 0.02 | ||||
| Less than high school/GED | 63 (24%) | 43 (18%) | 106 (21%) | ||
| High school or GED | 158 (61%) | 146 (60%) | 304 (61%) | ||
| Some college or college grad | 36 (14%) | 54 (22%) | 90 (18%) | ||
| Employment status | 0.14 | ||||
| Regular full/part time, or retired | 40 (16%) | 40 (17%) | 80 (16%) | ||
| Unemployed | 179 (70%) | 149 (63%) | 328 (66%) | ||
| Disabled | 38 (15%) | 49 (21%) | 87 (18%) | ||
| Depression level (Mean, SD) | 11.1 (6.2) | 12.4 (6.1) | 0.03 | 11.7 (6.2) | |
| Substance use disorders | |||||
| Opioid use disorder | 172 (67%) | 188 (77%) | 0.01 | 360 (72%) | |
| Stimulant/cocaine use disorder | 167 (65%) | 167 (69%) | 0.34 | 334 (67%) | |
| Cannabis use disorder | 141 (55%) | 156 (64%) | 0.03 | 297 (59%) | |
| Alcohol use disorder | 189 (73%) | 175 (72%) | 0.76 | 364 (73%) | |
| Average pain in past 3 months (Mean, SD) | 6.5 (1.7) | 6.8 (1.8) | 0.16 | 6.7 (1.7) | |
| Duration of pain | 0.40 | ||||
| 1 to 12 months | 30 (12%) | 22 (9%) | 52 (10%) | ||
| > 1 year to 10 yrs. | 181 (70%) | 167 (69%) | 348 (69%) | ||
| > 10 yrs. | 47 (18%) | 54 (22%) | 101 (20%) | ||
| Pain acceptance (Mean, SD) | 58.1 (18.1) | 58.3 (18.5) | 0.94 | 58.2 (18.3) | |
| Opioid medications | |||||
| Past year use of prescribed opioids | 107 (41%) | 159 (65%) | <.001 | 266 (53%) | |
| Past year use of opioids without prescription | 135 (52%) | 144 (59%) | 0.12 | 279 (56%) | |
| Any past year opioid use | 163 (63%) | 198 (81%) | <.001 | 361 (72%) | |
| Other pain medications | |||||
| Other prescription pain medications (with or without prescription) | 158 (61%) | 193 (79%) | <0.001 | 351 (70%) | |
| Over the counter pain medications | 218 (84%) | 216 (89%) | 0.15 | 434 (87%) | |
*
p value from chi-square tests for categorical variables, and two-sided t-test tor continuous variables