Error consistency |
Two measures: |
1. Percent consistency of error location |
2. Percent variability of error type |
1. Consistency of error location |
Degree to which sound errors occur in the same target sound three or more times across trials |
Calculated by dividing the number of sounds consistently in error (within a word type) by the number of total sounds in error |
2. Variability of error type |
Degree to which sound errors differ from each other within the same location of a word |
Calculated by dividing the number of errors that differ from each other within the same location of a target word across trials by the total number of errors produced within the same location of the target word across trials |
Error rate |
Mean number of sound errors per word for each participant |
Error type |
Number of specified error types (six types) produced by each participant |
1. Distortions |
An attempt at the target phoneme that does not cross the phoneme boundary, produced with perceptible place, timing, manner, or voice deviation from accurate production |
2. Distorted substitutions |
A production that not only crosses phoneme boundaries of the target phoneme, but is also distorted |
3. Distorted additions |
An inserted nontarget phoneme that is distorted |
4. Sequential substitutions |
Phonemic perseveration, anticipation, and transposition errors |
5. Nonsequential substitutions |
Phonemic errors other than sequential errors, influenced by factors outside the target word |
6. Addition |
An inserted nontarget phoneme that is phonetically accurate (not distorted) |
7. Omission |
A deleted phoneme |