Figure 2.

Experimental design. Participants were first exposed to L1 in a mock scanner. Those with qualifying scores were invited to participate in a scanning session within 48 hr of the initial session. During the scanner phase, participants were exposed to an additional 9.3 min of L1 (teal) followed by 9.3 min of L2 (blue). The transition between the two streams was not explicitly marked, and presentation of each language was accompanied by an identical visual stimulus (an “alien”).