Table 2.
Main baseline characteristicsa)
| Intervention | Control | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 21) | (n = 20) | |||||
| Age (years) | 55.6 | (10.6) | 56.3 | (10.0) | 0.82 | |
| Male | 15 | (71) | 14 | (70) | 1.00 | |
| MMAS–8 (score) | 6.10 | (1.10) | 5.69 | (1.69) | 0.36 | |
| HL (score) | ||||||
| Functional HL | 2.96 | (0.68) | 3.00 | (0.75) | 0.87 | |
| Communicative HL | 3.10 | (0.54) | 3.36 | (0.51) | 0.12 | |
| Critical HL | 2.58 | (0.37) | 2.71 | (0.49) | 0.34 | |
| Total HL | 2.90 | (0.32) | 3.05 | (0.45) | 0.24 | |
| SESD (score) | 23.2 | (3.7) | 22.4 | (5.8) | 0.61 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 9.6 | (2.4) | 9.5 | (2.0) | 0.92 | |
| Duration of hospitalization (days) | 27.8 | (18.4) | 16.4 | (4.5) | 0.01 | |
| Insulin injection, yes | 10 | (48) | 10 | (50) | 1.00 | |
| OHA, yes | ||||||
| Biguanaide | 6 | (29) | 6 | (30) | 1.00 | |
| Sulfonylurea | 1 | (5) | 2 | (10) | 0.61 | |
| Nateglinide | 0 | – | 3 | (15) | 0.11 | |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 4 | (19) | 2 | (10) | 0.66 | |
| Thiazolidine | 1 | (5) | 1 | (5) | 1.00 | |
| DPP4 inhibitor | 13 | (62) | 13 | (65) | 1.00 | |
Abbreviations: MMAS-8, morisky medication adherence scale 8–items; HL, health literacy; SESD, self–efficacy scale for diabetes self care; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin A1c; DM, diabetes mellitus; OHA, oral hypoglycemic agent; DPP4, dipeptidyl peptidase 4.
a) All variables are presented as n (%) or mean (SD).