Table 1.
A comparison of the intervention and control groups’ characteristics
| Intervention group
(n = 21) |
Control group
(n = 19) |
p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 59.1±14.2 | 59.5±12.4 | .429 | |||
| Gender | Male | 9 | (42.9) | 9 | (47.4) | .775 |
| Female | 12 | (57.1) | 10 | (52.6) | ||
| Profession | Yes | 19 | (85.7) | 12 | (63.2) | .148 |
| No | 3 | (14.3) | 7 | (36.8) | ||
| BMIa | 28.8±8.1 | 25.7±4.3 | .147 | |||
| Duration of disease (in years) | 4.7±8.0 | 10.4±10.6 | .061 | |||
| Early-morning FPGa | 165.1±48.3 | 194.9±83.7 | .185 | |||
| HbA1c (NGSP-value)a | 9.51±3.00 | 9.94±2.34 | .621 | |||
| Anti-diabetes drug | Yes | 13 | (61.9) | 19 | (100.0) | .004 |
| No | 8 | (38.1) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
| Type of drug | Oral | 12 | (92.3) | 17 | (89.5) | |
| (Multiple answer) | Insulin | 4 | (30.8) | 6 | (31.6) | |
| Other | 0 | (0.0) | 1 | (5.0) | ||
| Complications | Yes | 4 | (19.0) | 6 | (31.6) | .473 |
| No | 17 | (81.0) | 13 | (68.4) | ||
| Types of complications | Retinopathy | 2 | (50.0) | 6 | (100.0) | |
| (Multiple answer) | Nephropathy | 2 | (50.0) | 3 | (50.0) | |
| Nerve disorder | 1 | (25.0) | 4 | (66.7) | ||
| Disease besides | Yes | 11 | (52.4) | 9 | (47.4) | .752 |
| diabetes | No | 10 | (47.6) | 10 | (52.6) | |
| Number of past admissions for educationa | 0.4±1.1 | 1.2±2.7 | .223 | |||
| Sense of coherence (SOC) scorea | 59.5±13.8 | 64.4±8.6 | .177 | |||
| Comprehensibility scorea | 22.9±5.4 | 23.7±3.4 | .561 | |||
| Manageability scorea | 18.4±4.8 | 18.8±3.6 | .761 | |||
| Meaningfulness scorea | 18.1±5.1 | 21.8±3.5 | .012 | |||
| PAID scorea | 49.0±12.3 | 47.9±11.0 | .778 | |||
Note. Number appearing in the table shows n (%) or average value = standard deviation.
BMI body mass index, HbA1c
χ2-test. aunpaired t-test.