Table 2.
Results of Univariate Logistic Regression Analysis.
| Factor | n | WO (Percentage, %) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at examination (y) | <65 | 44 | 70.5% | Reference | - | |
| 66-69 | 41 | 48.8% | 0.40 | 0.16-0.97 | p=0.044* | |
| 70-73 | 43 | 53.5% | 0.48 | 0.20-1.17 | p=0.105 | |
| ≥74 | 52 | 51.9% | 0.45 | 0.19-1.06 | >p=0.067 | |
| Age of onset (y) | <56 | 42 | 76.2% | Reference | - | |
| 56-62.4 | 48 | 60.4% | 0.48 | 0.19-1.19 | p=0.113 | |
| 62.5-68 | 44 | 50.0% | 0.31 | 0.12-0.79 | p=0.014* | |
| ≥69 | 46 | 39.1% | 0.20 | 0.08-0.51 | p<0.001*** | |
| Disease duration (y) | <3.5 | 45 | 31.1% | Reference | - | |
| 3.5-5.0 | 33 | 45.5% | 1.85 | 0.73-4.68 | p=0.197 | |
| 6.0-8.0 | 53 | 66.0% | 4.31 | 1.84-10.07 | p<0.001*** | |
| ≥9.0 | 49 | 75.5% | 6.83 | 2.76-16.91 | p<0.001*** | |
| Duration of anti-PD treatment (y) | <2.0 | 34 | 29.4% | Reference | - | |
| 2-4.4 | 56 | 42.9% | 1.80 | 0.73-4.46 | p=0.204 | |
| 4.5-6.0 | 37 | 64.9% | 4.43 | 1.63-12.04 | p<0.001*** | |
| ≥7.0 | 53 | 81.1% | 10.32 | 3.76-28.30 | p<0.001*** | |
| Duration of levodopa treatment (y) | <1.3 | 44 | 29.5% | Reference | - | |
| 1.3-2.0 | 27 | 48.1% | 2.21 | 0.82-5.99 | p=0.117 | |
| 3.0-5.0 | 54 | 57.4% | 3.21 | 1.38-7.47 | p<0.001*** | |
| ≥ 6.0 | 51 | 82.4% | 11.13 | 4.23-29.30 | p<0.001*** | |
| Sex | male | 80 | 47.5% | Reference | - | |
| female | 100 | 63.0% | 1.88 | 1.04-3.42 | p=0.038* | |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage | 1 | 16 | 43.8% | Reference | - | |
| 2 | 66 | 59.1% | 1.86 | 0.62-5.60 | p=0.271 | |
| 3 | 81 | 48.1% | 1.19 | 0.41-3.51 | p=0.748 | |
| 4, 5 | 17 | 94.1% | 20.56 | 2.17-194.76 | p<0.001*** | |
| Onset symptom | ||||||
| Akinesia | negative | 71 | 57.7% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 109 | 55.0% | 0.90 | 0.49-1.64 | p=0.721 | |
| Rigidity | negative | 6 | 50.0% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 174 | 56.3% | 1.29 | 0.25-6.57 | p=0.760 | |
| Tremor | negative | 98 | 56.1% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 82 | 56.1% | 1.00 | 0.55-1.80 | p=0.997 | |
| Daily levodopa dosage (mg) | <300 | 18 | 50.0% | Reference | - | |
| 300-349 | 67 | 28.4% | 0.40 | 0.14-1.15 | p=0.088 | |
| 350-599 | 48 | 66.7% | 2.00 | 0.66-6.02 | p=0.218 | |
| ≥600 | 47 | 87.2% | 6.83 | 1.94-24.09 | p<0.001*** | |
| Dopamine agonist treatment | negative | 69 | 44.9% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 111 | 63.1% | 2.09 | 1.14-3.86 | p=0.018* | |
| MAOB inhibitor treatment | negative | 116 | 53.4% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 64 | 60.9% | 1.36 | 0.73-2.53 | p=0.333 | |
| COMT inhibitor treatment | negative | 135 | 43.0% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 45 | 95.6% | 28.54 | 6.64-122.68 | p<0.001*** | |
| Anticholinergic drug treatment | negative | 158 | 54.4% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 22 | 68.2% | 1.79 | 0.69-4.64 | p=0.228 | |
| Amantadine treatment | negative | 159 | 55.3% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 21 | 61.9% | 1.31 | 0.51-3.34 | p=0.570 | |
| Zonisamide treatment | negative | 153 | 56.9% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 27 | 51.9% | 0.82 | 0.36-1.85 | p=0.629 | |
| Droxidopa treatment | negative | 176 | 55.7% | Reference | - | |
| positive | 4 | 75.0% | 2.39 | 0.24-23.41 | p=0.455 |
n: number, WO: wearing-off phenomenon, CI: confidence interval, MAOB inhibitor: monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, COMT inhibitor: catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitor