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. 2017 Aug 30;7:9927. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09811-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative AFM images of graphene transferred on Si/SiO₂: (a) heavily contaminated sample grown in an aged quartz tube (>100 cycles), (b) clean sample grown in our modified CVD reactor. (c) Raman spectra of the two graphene samples (the D, G, 2D bands are peaked respectively at ~1348, 1580, 2692 cm⁻¹).