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. 2017 Aug 30;7:10055. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09523-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

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Tunable focusing. The plane wave is incident normally to the metasurface and is traveling along y axis. (a–d) Demonstrate the results for the field intensity, required phase shift and applied bias across the metasurface for different focal lengths of 4λ, 5λ, 6λ and 7λ along y axis, respectively. The solid lines denote the continuous required phase shift and applied voltages across the metasurface while “x” markers label the sampling of the profile for each individual element.