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. 2017 Aug 30;7:10052. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10283-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(S)-Oxiracetam increased the content of anti-oxidants and maintained the homeostasis of Na⁺ and K⁺ in the 2-VO rats. In situ MALDI MSI of (a) glutathione, ascorbic acid and taurine, and (b) Na⁺ and K⁺ . The brains were rapidly removed, immediately frozen by immersion in N-hexane (−80 °C) and stored at −80 °C until use. Coronal brain sections were cut at a thickness of 10 µm. 1,5-Diaminonaphthalene (1,5-DAN) hydrochloride was used as the matrix in this experiment. Mass imaging data were acquired in negative ionization mode at a 200 μm spatial resolution. So: (S)-oxiracetam 200 mg/kg; Rso: oxiracetam 400 mg/kg. Scale bar = 5 mm n = 3 per group.