The effect of hot water pre-treatment for different time intervals (30, 45, and 60 min) on the yield of reducing sugars from biomass of A. plicata, P. tetrastromatica, and U. lactuca. Pre-treatment was followed by enzymatic hydrolysis for 6 h and using 50 U of Bacillus sp. strain BT21 xylanase per gram of biomass at 30 °C, pH 7. Error bars indicate the standard deviation of three replicates