Table 3.
Quantitative Results on the Intersection of Reproductive Coercion and Intimate Partner Violence
| First Author (year) |
Findings on Intersection with IPV | |
|---|---|---|
| Gee (2009) | Women with history of IPV more likely to report no birth control use because of partner unwillingness or pregnancy pressure | 16.7% with IPV vs 6.1% without IPV |
| Women with history IPV more likely to agree with: “my partner makes it difficult to use birth control” | 13.5% with IPV vs. 4.6% without IPV | |
| Increased odds of IPV for women reporting partner unwillingness to use birth control or pregnancy pressure | OR 2.34, 95% CI 1.41–3.89 | |
| Increased odds of IPV for women agreeing with the statement: “my partner makes it difficult for me to use birth control” | OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.68–4.63 | |
| Miller (2010) | RC prevalence without IPV | 7% |
| RC prevalence with IPV | 18.5% | |
| Women reporting birth control sabotage who also reported IPV | 79% | |
| Women reporting pregnancy coercion who also reported IPV | 74% | |
| Silverman (2010) | IPV was associated with both: | |
| abortion pressure | ARR 2.41, 95% CI 1.38–4.20 | |
| and men preventing abortion | ARR 2.60, 95% CI 1.76–3.87 | |
| Miller (2011) | Among women with recent IPV (past 3 months) exposure to intervention had a 71% reduction in the odds of pregnancy coercion compared to control group | AOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09–0.91 |
| Among women without recent IPV (past 3 months) exposure to the intervention had no significant impact on pregnancy coercion | AOR 1.63, 95% CI 0.80–3.34 | |
| Silverman (2011) | Women who experienced IPV had significantly higher odds of having coerced sex without a condom than women without IPV | AOR 4.9, 95% CI 2.6–8.9 |
| Clark (2014) | Of women who experienced RC percent who also experienced IPV in the same relationship | 32% (95% CI 23–41%) |
| Dick (2014) | Exposure to cyber-dating abuse increased odds of reporting RC: | |
| Low exposure to CDA | AOR 3.0, 95% CI 1.4–6.2 | |
| Higher exposure to CDA | AOR 5.7, 95% CI 2.8–11.6 | |
| Kazmerski (2014) | Reported both RC and IPV | 4.4% |
| Reported RC only | 9% | |
| Recent RC (past 3 months) in the absence of IPV increased odds of using emergency contraception: | ||
| Once | AOR 2.6, 95 % CI 1.2–5.8 | |
| and two or more times | AOR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.7–2.7 | |
| Recent IPV in the absence of RC increased odds of seeking pregnancy testing: | ||
| one pregnancy test | AOR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.1–1.7 | |
| and two or more pregnancy tests | AOR 2.2, 95 % CI 1.4–3.2 | |
| and using emergency contraception once | AOR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.3–2.0 | |
| Combined effect of both recent IPV and RC increased odds of: | ||
| seeking two or more pregnancy tests | AOR 3.6, 95% CI 3.3–3.8 | |
| using emergency contraception two or more times | AOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5–4.1 | |
| seeking STI testing once | AOR 2.5, 95 % CI 1.6–3.9 | |
| seeking STI testing two or more times | AOR 2.9, 95 % CI 1.02–8.5 | |
| McCauley (2014) | Prevalence of RC: | |
| in overall sample | 12.4% | |
| of those with recent IPV | 24% | |
| Recent IPV increased odds of RC | AOR, 3.32, 95% CI, 1.87–5.92 | |
| Miller (2014) | Increased odds of past-year unintended pregnancy in women with IPV and RC | AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.15–3.48 |
| Sutherland (2015) | Of women who reported RC, percent who also reported IPV | 57.9% (95% CI 2.74–7.29) [sic] |
| Of women who reported birth control sabotage, percent who also reported IPV | 67.9% (95% CI 2.75–13.93) [sic] | |
| Of women who reported pregnancy coercion, percent who also reported IPV | 59.1% (95% CI 2.73–7.75) [sic] | |
NOTE: SES = socioeconomic status, IPV = intimate partner violence, RC = reproductive coercion, AOR = adjusted odds ratio