Table 2.
Participant characteristics at baseline for the four CSF groups (Stage 0, 1, 2, and SNAP). Values reflect means (standard deviations) unless otherwise indicated.
| Stage 0 | Stage 1 | Stage 2 | SNAP | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Groups defined by CSF Aβ and CSF total tau | ||||
| N | 97 | 41 | 28 | 41 |
| N (%) progressed to MCI or dementia due to AD | 14 (14.4%) | 6 (14.6%) | 16 (57.1%)⁎⁎ | 5 (12.2%) |
| Age, years | 54.9 (10.3) | 55.7 (7.5) | 65.3 (9.6)⁎⁎ | 57.2 (9.2) |
| Sex, female (%) | 61.9% | 56.1% | 50.0% | 63.4% |
| Ethnicity, Caucasian (%) | 96.9% | 97.6% | 100% | 97.6% |
| APOE ε4 carriers (%)a | 22.9% | 40.0% ⁎ | 50.0%⁎ | 35.0% |
| Education, years | 17.2 (2.4) | 16.9 (2.4) | 17.3 (2.2) | 17.2 (2.1) |
| MMSE score | 29.6 (0.7) | 29.4 (0.9) | 29.6 (1.0) | 29.6 (0.7) |
| CSF Aβ, pg/mL | 454.7 (54.5) | 319.3 (38.9)⁎⁎ | 253.7 (73.8)⁎⁎ | 473.6 (54.8) |
| CSF tau, pg/mL | 58.0 (10.5) | 44.8 (13.7) | 115.1 (36.3)⁎⁎ | 93.9 (26.6)⁎⁎ |
| CSF p-tau, pg/mL | 30.8 (8.6) | 27.0 (7.7) | 57.2 (21.8)⁎⁎ | 41.8 (11.8)⁎⁎ |
| Hippocampal volume, standardized residual | 0.02 (0.89) | − 0.03 (1.10) | 0.09 (1.04) | 0.14 (0.95) |
| Entorhinal cortex volume, standardized residual | − 0.08 (0.96) | 0.16 (1.09) | 0.05 (0.89) | 0.17 (0.98) |
| Entorhinal cortex, thickness, mm | 2.13 (0.26) | 2.22 (0.27) | 2.21 (0.24) | 2.22 (0.25) |
| Amygdala volume, standardized residual | 0.11 (0.96) | − 0.03 (0.93) | 0.10 (1.18) | − 0.22 (0.88)⁎ |
| MTL volume composite | 0.02 (0.61) | 0.04 (0.78) | 0.08 (0.79) | 0.03 (0.72) |
| Number of MRI scans (range) | 2.3 (1–5) | 2.3 (1–6) | 2.4 (1–5) | 2. 5 (1–5) |
| MRI follow-up time, years | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.3 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.3) | 2.5 (1.4) |
| N with > 1 MRI scans | 61 | 23 | 17 | 26 |
| Number of MRI scans for subjects with > 1 scan (range) | 3.0 (2–5) | 3.3 (2–6) | 3.4 (2–5) | 3.3 (2–5) |
| MRI follow-up time for subjects with > 1 scan, years | 4.0 (2.3) | 4.2 (1.8) | 4.4 (1.9) | 4.7 (2.2) |
| Groups defined by CSF Aβ and CSF phosphorylated tau | ||||
| N | 95 | 43 | 26 | 43 |
| N (%) progressed to MCI or dementia due to AD | 14 (14.7%) | 6 (14.0%) | 16 (61.5%)⁎⁎ | 5 (11.6%) |
| Age, years | 55.9 (9.5) | 57.0 (8.4) | 63.9 (9.9)⁎⁎ | 54.9 (11.2) |
| Sex, female (%) | 60.0% | 48.8% | 61.5% | 67.4% |
| Ethnicity, Caucasian (%) | 92 (96.8%) | 42 (97.7%) | 26 (100%) | 42 (97.7%) |
| APOE ε4 carriers (%)a | 23.9% | 42.9% ⁎ | 44.0%⁎ | 32.6% |
| Education, years | 17.3 (2.4) | 17.0 (2.4) | 17.2 (2.3) | 17.0 (2.1) |
| MMSE score | 29.6 (0.7) | 29.4 (1.0) | 29.7 (0.7) | 29.7 (0.7) |
| CSF Aβ, pg/mL | 457.7 (57.4) | 309.7 (52.4)⁎⁎ | 264.5 (72.4)⁎⁎ | 466.1 (49.8) |
| CSF tau, pg/mL | 61.8 (17.7) | 49.5 (21.7) | 112.7 (40.6)⁎⁎ | 83.8 (27.8)⁎⁎ |
| CSF p-tau, pg/mL | 28.5 (7.1) | 26.2 (6.3) | 60.8 (19.2)⁎⁎ | 46.2 (7.3)⁎⁎ |
| Hippocampal volume, standardized residual | 0.03 (0.87) | − 0.02 (1.08) | 0.09 (1.06) | 0.12 (1.00) |
| Entorhinal cortex volume, standardized residual | − 0.06 (0.94) | 0.10 (1.10) | 0.15 (0.85) | 0.10 (1.02) |
| Entorhinal cortex, thickness, mm | 2.13 (0.26) | 2.23 (0.27)⁎ | 2.20 (0.24) | 2.21 (0.27) |
| Amygdala volume, standardized residual | 0.08 (1.03) | 0.09 (1.00) | − 0.07 (1.09) | − 0.13 (0.72) |
| MTL volume composite | 0.02 (0.64) | 0.06 (0.76) | 0.06 (0.81) | 0.03 (0.67) |
| Number of MRI scans (range) | 2.5 (1–5) | 2.3 (1–6) | 2.4 (1–5) | 2.0 (1–5) |
| MRI follow-up time, years | 3.0 (2.9) | 2.4 (2.6) | 2.6 (2.5) | 2.0 (2.2) |
| N with > 1 MRI scans | 62 | 24 | 16 | 25 |
| Number of MRI scans for subjects with > 1 scan (range) | 3.3 (2–5) | 3.4 (2–6) | 3.3 (2–5) | 2.7 (2–5) |
| MRI follow-up time for subjects with > 1 scan, years | 4.5 (2.4) | 4.4 (1.8) | 4.2 (1.9) | 3.4 (1.9) |
⁎
p ≤ 0.05 for differences between Stage 1, Stage 2, and SNAP relative to Stage 0.
⁎⁎
p < 0.001 for differences between Stage 1, Stage 2, and SNAP relative to Stage 0.
a
Excludes n = 5 participants with APOE ε2/ε4 genotype.