TatA and TatB cross-linking patterns are altered in the presence of an overproduced Tat substrate. (a) Strain MC4100ΔBC harbouring plasmid p101C*BC producing TatBL9C alongside TatCM205C and plasmid pQE80-CueO where indicated, were left untreated (control, C), or incubated with 1.8 mM CuP for 1 min (O). Membrane fractions were prepared, separated by SDS-PAGE (10% polyacrylamide) and immunoblotted with anti-TatBFL, anti-TatC as indicated. An aliquot of the soluble fraction following membrane preparation was retained and analysed by immunoblotting with an anti-Histag antibody. (b) Strain MC4100ΔBC producing the indicated Cys variants of TatB and TatC from plasmid p101C*BC and his-tagged CueO from pQE80-CueO were incubated with 1.8 mM CuP for 1 min. Following quenching, membrane fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE (10% polyacrylamide) and immunoblotted with an anti-TatC antibody. A non-oxidized sample of membranes harbouring TatBL9C–TatCMF213C is shown in the left-most lane. An aliquot of the soluble fraction from each sample was retained and analysed by immunoblotting with an anti-Histag antibody. (c) Whole cells of strain MC4100ΔBC producing TatBL9C alongside TatCF213C or TatCF94A,E103A,M205C (annotated TatCFEA,M205C) from plasmid p101C*BC, and his-tagged CueO (from pQE80-CueO) were incubated for 1 min with 1.8 mM CuP. Following membrane preparation, cross-links were detected with an anti-TatB peptide antibody or an anti-TatC antibody. An aliquot of the soluble fraction from each sample was retained and analysed by immunoblotting with an anti-Histag antibody. (d) Strain DADE harbouring plasmid pTAT101 producing wild-type TatB, TatAL9C and either TatCM205C or TatCF213C along with plasmid pQE80-CueO were left untreated (control, C), or incubated with 1.8 mM CuP for 1 min (O). Membrane fractions were separated by SDS-PAGE (12.5% polyacrylamide) and immunoblotted with an anti-TatC antibody. An aliquot of the soluble fraction from each sample was retained and analysed by immunoblotting with an anti-Histag antibody. p: precursor, m: mature forms of substrate CueO-His * indicates an oxidation product of CueO.