Table 5.
Comparison of body weight, body condition score, cresty neck score, fasting insulin, leptin levels, and the results of combined glucose-insulin test before and after implementation of the dietary protocol including Spirulina platensis supplementation in EMS-diagnosed horses.
| No. | Group | Sex | Clinical Parameters | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bw (kg) | BCS [1–9] | CNS [1–5] | Fasting Insulin (mU/mL) | LEP (ng/mL) | CGIT:GLU in 45 min (mg/dL) | |||||||||
| Before Treatment | After Treatment | Before Treatment | After Treatment | Before Treatment | After Treatment | Before Treatment | After Treatmment | Before Treatment | After Treatment | Before Treatment | After Treatment | |||
| 1 | Healthy | F | 580 | 592 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 3.21 | 3.13 | 78/n | 75/n |
| 2 | F | 550 | 565 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 2.89 | 3.78 | 69/n | 73/n | |
| 3 | F | 590 | 575 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3.14 | 2.98 | 72/n | 75/n | |
| 4 | M | 559 | 562 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 2.91 | 2.47 | 81/n | 77/n | |
| 5 | M | 528 | 543 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 3.38 | 2.94 | 79/n | 71/n | |
| 6 | M | 560 | 551 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2.71 | 2.01 | 67/n | 73/n | |
| Mean ± SD | 561.2 ± 22.0 | 564.7 ± 17.4 | 6.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | 2.3 ± 0.5 | 3.8 ± 1.9 | 3.8 ± 1.5 | 3.0 ± 0.2 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 74.3 ± 5.8 | 74.0 ± 2.1 | ||
| 1 | EMS | F | 760 | 748 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 78 | 92 | 10.41 | 9.48 | 132/p | 118/p |
| 2 | F | 732 | 728 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 91 | 83 | 9.29 | 9.22 | 126/p | 129/p | |
| 3 | F | 743 | 751 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 87 | 80 | 9.89 | 10.31 | 149/p | 138/p | |
| 4 | M | 708 | 712 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 74 | 73 | 8.78 | 9.13 | 121/p | 119/p | |
| 5 | M | 719 | 720 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 86 | 82 | 7.98 | 8.43 | 138/p | 131/p | |
| 6 | M | 698 | 692 | 9 | 9 | 4 | 4 | 92 | 89 | 8.13 | 7.88 | 136/p | 129/p | |
| Mean ± SD | 726.7 ± 23.0 | 725.2 ± 22.3 | 9.0 | 8.8 ± 0.4 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 84.7 ± 7.2 | 83.2 ± 6.7 | 9.1 ± 1.0 | 9.1 ± 0.8 | 133.7 ± 9.8 | 127.3 ± 7.6 | ||
| 1 | EMS spirulina-treated | F | 740 | 685 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 97 | 45 | 9.12 | 9.02 | 142/p | 130/p |
| 2 | F | 711 | 672 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 74 | 51 | 7.45 | 6.58 | 139/p | 78/n | |
| 3 | F | 753 | 648 | 9 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 98 | 92 | 11.02 | 10.98 | 128/p | 81/n | |
| 4 | M | 701 | 642 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 3 | 83 | 61 | 7.58 | 7.21 | 111/p | 63/n | |
| 5 | M | 749 | 679 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 79 | 82 | 8.91 | 8.70 | 129/p | 72/n | |
| 6 | M | 707 | 692 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 3 | 73 | 43 | 7.62 | 7.11 | 146/p | 79/n | |
| Mean ± SD | 726.8 ± 23.1 | 669.7 ± 20.3 ** | 8.3 ± 0.5 | 7.5 ± 0.5 * | 4.0 | 3.2 ± 0.4 *** | 84.0 ± 11.1 | 62.3 ± 20.4 * | 8.6 ± 1.4 | 8.3 ± 1.6 | 132.5 ± 12.7 | 83.8 ± 23.5 ** | ||
F: female; M: male; Bw: body weight; BCS: body condition score; CNS: cresty neck score; CGIT: combined glucose-insulin test; SD: standard deviation; LEP: leptin; GLU: glucose; p: positive test results; n: negative test results. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.