Table 1.

Transition outcomes of HIV-positive young people transferring to adult care in the Caribbean, Central America and South America, Eastern Europe and Asia and Pacific

Region	Country	Year of study	Study population	Main findings	Ref
CCASA	Argentina	2015	37 perinatally infected adolescents transitioning to adult care centre “Cosme Argerich” Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina in 2005–2011	Of the 37 who transitioned in this time period, 62% (n = 23) had ongoing virological failure Among 11 of the 23 adolescents included in a detailed study on virological failure, 10 had triple-class experience and five had triple-class resistance	[87]
CCASA	Brazil	2016	41 young people (39 perinatally infected) transferring to adult HIV care at an HIV outpatient clinic in Sao Paulo, median age 19 years at first adult clinic visit.	Median CD4 count at first adult clinic visit was 250 cells/mm3 (IQR 94–460) and 46% (n = 19) had a viral load <400 copies/ml Around 70% had adherence failure in the final two years of paediatric care (according to a composite measure including missed ART and/or clinic appointments) and a similar proportion in the first two years of adult care.	[88]
EE	Russia	2016	20 adolescents (18 years) who transferred to adult care in St Petersburg in 2013–2015, 19 behaviourally and 1 perinatally infected	By 2016, 3 remained in active follow-up; 4 had been referred to other centres; 13 were lost to follow-up	[89]
AP	Thailand	2015	67 young people transitioning from paediatric to adult care at Chiangrai Prachanukroh Hospital between 2008–2014 at >18 years of age	By March 2015, 73% (n = 49) remained in active follow-up; 13% (n = 9) had been lost to follow-up; 7% (n = 5) had been referred to other hospitals; 6% (n = 4) had died. Two of four deaths took place within 8 months of transitioning and two deaths after >2.5 years. All four deaths were in patients with non-suppressed viral load at time of transition to adult care. Of the 49 remaining in active follow up in 2015, 76% had a viral load <40 copies/ml.	[55]
AP	Malaysia	2016	21 adolescents who had transitioned to the adolescent transition clinic at Institut Pediatrik, Hospital Kuala Lumpur (a tertiary referral centre) in 2010–2015	Only one of the 21 patients had been lost to follow-up by 2016 Some patients required switching of their cART due to treatment failure, however there were few risky health behaviours and all patients were doing well and in employment	[90]