Table 1.
Participant characteristics (n = 48)
| Standard Care | ISD | TA | SSD | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group size | 11 (23%) | 12 (25%) | 12 (25%) | 13 (27%) | 48 (100%) |
| Participant characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) a | 3.1 | 6.2 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 4.8 |
| (1.7–14.5) | (1.7–11.7) | (1.0–11.6) | (2.5–8.8) | (1.8–11.6) | |
| Sex (male) | 7 (64%) | 4 (33%) | 8 (67%) | 10 (77%) | 29 (60%) |
| Skin integrity: | |||||
| good | 3 (27%) | 4 (33%) | 7 (58%) | 7 (54%) | 21 (44%) |
| fair | 6 (55%) | 5 (42%) | 4 (33%) | 4 (31%) | 19 (40%) |
| poor | 2 (18%) | 3 (25%) | 1 (8%) | 2 (15%) | 8 (17%) |
| Skin type (white) | 8 (73%) | 6 (50%) | 10 (83%) | 8 (62%) | 32 (67%) |
| Comorbidities: | |||||
| none | 1 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (8%) | 3 (6%) |
| one | 7 (64%) | 8 (67%) | 8 (67%) | 9 (69%) | 32 (67%) |
| two or more | 3 (27%) | 4 (33%) | 3 (25%) | 3 (23%) | 13 (27%) |
| Diagnosis: | |||||
| oncology / hematology | 8 (73%) | 10 (83%) | 10 (83%) | 11 (85%) | 39 (81%) |
| medical | 2 (18%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (8%) | 5 (10%) |
| surgical | 1 (9%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (8%) | 1 (8%) | 4 (8%) |
| Infection on recruitment | 1 (9%) | 2 (17%) | 2 (17%) | 1 (8%) | 6 (12%) |
| Leucocytes <1,000 / μL | 0 (0%) | 3 (25%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (8%) |
| CVAD insertion characteristics | |||||
| CVAD placement: | |||||
| internal jugular | 9 (82%) | 7 (58%) | 7 (58%) | 6 (46%) | 29 (60%) |
| subclavian | 2 (18%) | 4 (33%) | 5 (42%) | 7 (54%) | 18 (38%) |
| femoral | 0 (0%) | 1 (8%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) |
| Subsequent insertion | 4 (36%) | 7 (58%) | 5 (42%) | 4 (31%) | 20 (42%) |
| No. of lumens: | |||||
| one | 2 (18%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (17%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (8%) |
| two | 8 (73%) | 9 (75%) | 8 (67%) | 11 (85%) | 35 (75%) |
| three | 1 (9%) | 3 (25%) | 2 (17%) | 2 (15%) | 8 (17%) |
| Multiple insertion attempts | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (23%) | 3 (6%) |
| Ultrasound use | 4 (36%) | 7 (58%) | 4 (33%) | 4 (31%) | 19 (40%) |
| External length at insertion (cm) b | 12.3 (2.5) | 15.4 (7.5) | 13.3 (3.9) | 13.3 (2.0) | 13.6 (4.5) |
| CVAD utility characteristics | |||||
| Received continuous intravenous therapy c | 4 (36%) | 1 (8%) | 5 (42%) | 6 (46%) | 16 (33%) |
| Received parenteral nutrition and/or lipids c | 4 (36%) | 4 (33%) | 1 (8%) | 2 (15%) | 11 (23%) |
| Received chemotherapy c | 9 (82%) | 8 (67%) | 7 (58%) | 10 (77%) | 34 (71%) |
| Received blood products c | 4 (36%) | 4 (33%) | 2 (17%) | 6 (46%) | 16 (33%) |
| Received antibiotics c | 6 (55%) | 7 (58%) | 1 (8%) | 9 (69%) | 23 (48%) |
| Confused, agitated or drowsy d | 1 (9%) | 3 (25%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (8%) |
| CVAD dwell time (days) a, c | 14.1 | 9.0 | 8.6 | 17.1 | 12.4 |
| (5.0–27.9) | (4.5–16.5) | (4.1–21.5) | (9.0–27.0) | (5.6–26.0) | |
n (%) shown unless otherwise noted
CVAD Central venous access device, ISD Integrated securement dressing, SSD Suture-less securement device, TA Tissue adhesive, μL microlitre
a median (25th and 75th percentiles); percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding; percentages were calculated using the number of non-missing values in the denominator
b mean and standard deviation
c during study period
d at study completion