Extended Data Figure 1. Behaviour during hunger, satiety, and InsCtx silencing.

a, Summary of task performance across mice, during hunger and satiety. Hit rate: fraction of food cue trials with correct behavioural response (licking within the 2 s response window after cue offset). False alarm rate: fraction of non-food-cue trials in which mice incorrectly licked within the 2 s response window after cue offset. Each dot represents one mouse; lines connect two same-day blocks from the same mouse. *P = 1.8 × 10⁻⁵, NS, not significant (P = 0.09); paired t-test, n = 6 mice. Mean ± s.e.m. b, Summary of task performance after InsCtx silencing in hungry mice: false alarm rate and d′ (sensitivity index, which combines hit rate and false alarm rate in a general measure of discrimination), combining both aversive cue and neutral cue trials. Each dot represents one mouse; lines connect two same-session blocks of trials from the same mouse (first day: block 1, saline; block 2, saline; all other days: block 1, saline; block 2, drug). Notice that pharmacological silencing of InsCtx, but not of secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), reduces performance in the visual discrimination task (d′) because of reduced hit rates (Fig. 1c), without significantly affecting false alarm rates. Bars and error bars, mean ± s.e.m.; NS, not significant (P ≥ 0.2); *P = 0.01; **P = 0.007; paired t-test, n = 3 mice. Mean ± s.e.m. c, False alarm rates for aversive cues trials (left) and neutral cue trials (right). Each dot represents one mouse; lines connect two same-session blocks of trials from the same mouse (first day: block 1, saline; block 2, saline; all other days: block 1, saline; block 2, drug). Notice that pharmacological silencing of InsCtx did not significantly affect false alarm rates for aversive cue trials or for neutral cue trials. NS, not significant (P ≥ 0.06); paired t-test, n = 3 mice. Mean ± s.e.m. d, Movement velocity and total distance travelled in the home cage after saline or drug infusion into InsCtx. Note that pharmacological silencing of InsCtx did not affect general locomotion in the home cage. NS, not significant (P ≥ 0.34); paired t-test, n = 3 mice. Mean ± s.e.m.