Acvr2b	Activin receptor type IIB
ADSCs	Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells
Ago2	Argonaute 2
AKT	Serine/threonine kinase
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
Alp+	Alp positive
ATF4	Activating transcription factor 4
BFR	Bone formation rate
BMD	Bone mineral density
BMMs	Bone marrow monocytes
BMPR1A	Bone morphogenetic protein receptor-1A
BMSCs	Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
BMP	Bone morphogenetic protein
Bsp	Bone sialoprotein
BV/TV	Bone volume/tissue volume
cKO	Conditional knockout
Col I	Collage I
Cav1.2	Calcium voltage-gated channel
Creb1	CAMP responsive element binding protein 1
DGCR8	Digeorge syndrome critical region gene 8
Ep300	E1A binding protein p300
EdU	5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine
ESW	Extracorporeal shockwave
FAK	Focal adhesion kinase
FGF	Fibroblast growth factor
Fgf2	Fibroblast growth factor 2
Fgfr2	Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
FSS	Fluid shear stress
Hmga2	High mobility group AT-hook 2
Hdac4	Hystone deacetylase 4
Hdac9	Hystone deacetylase 9
LTCC	L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel
MAR	Mineral apposition rate
mTOR	Mammalian target of rapamycin
MSCs	Mesenchymal stem cells
miRNAs	MicroRNA
OCCM	Immortalized osteocalcin positive cementoblasts
mRNAs	Messenger RNAs
Ocn	Osteocalcin
OTM	Orthodontic tooth movement
PCP	Planar-cell-polarity
PDLCs	Periodontal ligament cells
PDLSCs	Periodontal ligament stem cells
PI3K	Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
P70S6K	Ribosomal protein S6 kinase
pri-miRNA	Primary transcript
pre-miRNA	Precursor miRNA
Pten	Phosphatase and tensin homolog
RISC	RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
Rock1	Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1
rpm	Revolutions per minute
RPM	Random positioning machine
Runx2	Runt related transcription factor 2
RWVB	Rotating Wall Vessel Bioreactor
Smad4	SMAD family member 4
Tb.N	Trabecular number
TV	Tissue volume
TGF-β	Transforming growth factor-β
UTR	Untranslated region
WNT3A	WNT family member 3A
WNT 11	WNT family member 11