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. 2017 Jul 25;10(8):852. doi: 10.3390/ma10080852

Table 1.

A selection of nanoparticles biosynthesised by horticultural waste sources.

Nanoparticle Size & Morphology Food Source Year Reference
Ag 5 to 35 nm, Spherical Ananas comosus (Pineapple) 2012 [79]
Ag & Au Ag: 16 nm, Spherical,
Au: 11 nm, triangular		 Tanacetum vulgare (tansy fruit) 2010 [84]
Ag 3 to 12 nm, Spherical Citrus sinensis (orange) peel 2011 [86]
Ag 35 ± 2 nm @ 25 °C, Spherical
10 ± 1 nm @ 60 °C, Spherical		 Citrus sinensis (orange) peel 2011 [89]
Ag 5 to 20 nm, Spherical Citrus unshiu (mandarin) peel 2013 [109]
Ag 10 nm, Quasi-spherical Sorghum spp. (bran) (aw) 2010 [110]
Ag & Au Ag: 10 nm to 20 nm, Spherical
Au: 15 nm to 25 nm, Spherical		 Emblica officinalis
(Indian Gooseberry)		 2005 [111]
Ag Large nanoclusters Musa paradisiac (banana) peel 2010 [88]
Ag 60 to 80 nm, Spherical Carica papaya (pawpaw) 2008 [130]
Ag 15 nm, Cubic Carica papaya (pawpaw) 2009 [131]
Ag 0.1 µm to 0.5 µm, Granular Psidium guajava (guava) 2014 [132]
Ag 4.32 nm to 17.65 nm, Spherical Daucus carrota L. (Black Carrot) 2014 [133]
Ag 4 nm to 22 nm, Spherical Allium sativum (garlic clove) 2011 [134]
Ag 17.96 ± 0.16 nm, Spherical Citrullus lanatus rind 2017 [135]
Au 20 to 140 nm, Spherical Citrullus lanatus rind 2015 [136]
Au 20 to 25 nm, Quasi-spherical Grape skin, stalk and seed waste 2014 [80]
Au 50 to 100 nm, Spherical Rice bran (aw) 2014 [81]
Au 200 to 500 nm, Triangular, hexagonal Pyrus sp. (pear) 2010 [85]
Au 6.03 ± 2.77 to 18.01 ± 3.67 nm, Spherical Mangifera indica (mango) peel 2014 [49]
Au 432.3 nm, Shape not specified Daucus carota, subsp. Sativus (Carrot) 2014 [137]
Au Micro-scale, Triangular Cicer arietinum L. (Bean extract) 2006 [138]
Au pH 9: 10 nm, Spherical, pH 10: 25 nm, Spherical, rods,
pH 11: 15 nm diameter nanowires of varying length		 Beta vulgaris (sugar beet pulp) 2011 [139]
Pd 50 nm, Crystalline, irregular shape Musa paradisiac (banana) peel 2010 [88]
Pd & Ag 20 nm to 60 nm, Spherical Various commercially available tea/coffee extracts 2008 [87]
Pd & Pt 16 to 20 nm, Spherical Lignin (aw) 2012 [71]
Pd 96 nm, Spherical Citrullus lanatus (watermelon) rind 2015 [124]
Fe3O4 5 to 25 nm, Cubes & Pyramids Tea Waste 2014 [125]
MgO 29 nm, Spherical Citrus sinensis (orange) peel 2015 [128]
Mn3O4 20 nm to 50 nm, Spherical Musa paradisiac (banana) peel 2014 [49]

Note: (aw) indicates agricultural waste.