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. 2017 Aug 17;10(8):963. doi: 10.3390/ma10080963

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© 2017 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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(a) Schematic diagram of a MOKE measurement system modified for multiferroic coupling measurements. Note the absence of the DC electromagnet. Parts of the system are: 1. CW or pulsed Laser source; 2. Beam chopper (not required if AC laser source ort if V_ac excitation signal is used as the reference signal for the MOKE lock-in detection; 3. λ/2 wave plate; 4. Polarizer; 5. Sample; 6. λ/4 wave plate; 7. Polarizer/Analyser; 8. Photodetector 1; 9. Photodetector 2; 10. Differential amplifier and signal output. (b) Diagram showing the multiferroic sample under MOKE test while subjected to electrical excitation, i.e., applied electric field.