Table 3.
Summary of the nano cellulose-based materials tested in bone regeneration.
| Type of Cellulose | Material Realesed | In Vitro Tests | In Vivo Tests | Molecular Effects | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SF/CMC | hMSCs | Uniform deposition and nucleation of Ca/P over the surface of the scaffold. The SF/CMC improved osteoblastic differentiation of hMSCs | Singh et al. [81] | ||
| Zr-CS-CMC | Cefazolin | Murine OB-6 cell line | Promotion of osteogenic cell proliferation | Gaire et al. [82] | |
| Cotton cellulose | Nano-Ha | HDFCs | Improved HDFCs adherence and proliferation on the scaffold | Ao et al. [84] | |
| CA-P-STMP | Saos-2 | Formation of new bone and capillaries | Atila et al. [86] | ||
| HPMC-CaP | Calcium | PDECs | Rat bone defect model | In vitro: promotion of the VEGF expression (vasculogenesis); in vivo: increased bone regeneration (osteogenesis) and vessels density |
Oliveira et al. [89] |
SF/CMC = silk fibroin/Carboxymethylcellulose; hMSCs = human mesenchymal stem cells; Zr-CS-CMC = Zirconium-chitosan- Carboxymethylcellulose; Zr-CS-CMC-P1 = Zirconium-chitosan- Carboxymethylcellulose prepared 1; Zr-CS-CMC-P2 = Zirconium-chitosan- Carboxymethylcellulose prepared 2; nano-Ha = nano-hydroxyapatite; HDFCs = primary human dental follicle cells; CA-P-STMP = Cellulose acetate- Pullulan- trisodium trimetaphosphate; Saos-2 = human Osteogenic Sarcoma Cell Line; HPMC-CaP = Hydroxypropyl)methyl cellulose-calcium phosphate; PDECs = human progenitor-derived endothelial cells.