Table 4.

Summary of the nano cellulose-based materials tested in cartilage regeneration.

Type of Cellulose	Material Realesed	In Vitro Tests	In Vivo Tests	Molecular Effects	References
NFC/A	hBMSCs and hNC cells		6-weeks-old nude female mice	Cartilage reconstruction and chondrocytes proliferation	Moller et al. [96]
Bacterial NFC bilayer	hNC (in vitro) hNC and MNC (in vivo)	NC cell culture with BCN-bilayer	Nude mice	Chondrogenesis promotion	Martinez et al. [98]

NFC/A = nanofibrillated cellulose/alginate; hBMSCs = human bone marrow–derived stem cells; hNC = human nasal chondrocytes; MNC = bone marrow mononuclear cells.