Table 5.

Summary of the cellulose-based materials tested in dental applications.

Type of Cellulose	Characteristics	Applications	References
GIC with NFC from eucalyptus pulp	length (L) and diameter (D) of the isolated nanocellulose were determined to be 145 ± 25 nm and 6 ± 1.5 nm, respectively, with an aspect ratio (L/D) of 24.	reinforcing agent in dental restorative material	Silva et al. [99]
Ramie fiber	extracted from the phloem tissue of the plant	reinforcing agent for denture base resin with higher flexural modulus, but weak interfacial adhesion	Xua et al. [103]
Collagen and polylactic acid	Resorbable membrane barriers	disallowing of fast-growing gum tissue from getting into the regenerative site	Fassman, A. et al. [106]
Ethyl cellulose	Non resorbable membrane barriers	disallowing of fast-growing gum tissue from getting into the regenerative site	Fassman, A. et al. [106]
MP containing cellulose	co-polymer of cellulose acetate and nitrocellulose	uniform and enhanced cell migration in bone regeneration	Takata, T. et al. [107]
Polylactic-acid membrane		Less uniform and enhanced cell migration in bone regeneration than MP	Takata, T. et al. [107]
otolith/collagen/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites	Cellulose from bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus; ultra-fine gel network of cellulose nanofibres (3–8 nm), with nanotolith gels.	Good scaffold for bone and tissue regeneration	Olyveira, G. et al. [108]

MP = Millipore filter; GIC = Glass ionomer cement.