Table I.
Demographic and pregnancy characteristics by child wheeze status among respondents to the Environment and Child Health Outcomes Study in Los Angeles County, California, 2006 (n=1193).
| Lifetime Wheeze | ||
|---|---|---|
| Yes n=304 (25.5) |
No n=889 (74.5) |
|
|
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| Maternal age at child’s birth | ||
| < 20 | 18 (5.9) | 57 (6.4) |
| 20–24 | 54 (17.8) | 155 (17.4) |
| 25–34 | 174 (57.2) | 476 (53.5) |
| > 34 | 58 (19.1) | 201 (22.6) |
| Maternal education | ||
| < 11 years | 62 (20.4) | 256 (28.8) |
| 12 years | 65 (21.4) | 209 (23.5) |
| >13 years | 172 (56.6) | 404 (45.4) |
| missing | 5 (1.6) | 20 (2.5) |
| Maternal race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 79 (26.0) | 219 (24.6) |
| Latina | 168 (55.3) | 543 (61.4) |
| Foreign-born | 101 (60.1) | 383 (70.5) |
| Black | 31 (10.2) | 39 (4.4) |
| Asian/Other | 23 (7.6) | 82 (9.2) |
| missing | 3 (1.0) | 6 (0.7) |
| Preterm birth | ||
| Preterm (<37 weeks) | 137 (45.1) | 312 (35.1) |
| Preeclampsia | ||
| Yes | 3 (1.0) | 13 (1.5) |
| Pregnancy complications | ||
| Yes | 31 (10.2) | 83 (9.3) |
| Gestational diabetes | ||
| Yes | 3 (1.0) | 23 (2.5) |
| Sex of child | ||
| Male | 184 (60.5) | 421 (47.4) |
| Maternal pregnancy smoking | ||
| Nonsmoker | 193 (63.5) | 600 (67.5) |
| Former smoker | 93 (30.6) | 254 (28.6) |
| Pregnancy smoker | 18 (5.9) | 35 (3.9) |
| Current smoker in house | ||
| Yes | 6 (2.0) | 19 (2.1) |
| missing | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) |
| History of maternal asthma, eczema, hayfever | ||
| Yes | 107 (35.2) | 162 (18.2) |
| Annual income | ||
| <$10,000 | 48 (15.8) | 137 (15.4) |
| $10–30,000 | 51 (16.8) | 161 (18.1) |
| $30–50,000 | 64 (21.1) | 170 (19.1) |
| <$50,000 | 105 (34.5) | 318 (35.8) |
| missing | 36 (11.8) | 103 (11.6) |
| Fearful about health of baby | ||
| Not at all | 85 (28.0) | 293 (33.0) |
| Moderately | 71 (23.4) | 210 (23.6) |
| Somewhat | 80 (26.3) | 236 (26.5) |
| Very much | 67 (22.0) | 142 (16.0) |
| missing | 1 (0.3) | 8 (0.9) |
| Chronic stress composite score | ||
| Low (4–8) | 151 (49.7) | 481 (54.1) |
| Medium (9–12) | 107 (35.2) | 293 (33.0) |
| High (13+) | 41 (13.5) | 94 (10.6) |
| missing | 5 (1.6) | 21 (2.3) |
| Negative life events | ||
| None (0) | 125 (41.1) | 463 (52.1) |
| Moderate (1) | 95 (31.3) | 244 (27.4) |
| High (2+) | 79 (26.0) | 169 (19.0) |
| missing | 5 (1.6) | 13 (1.5) |
| Paternal support composite score | ||
| Low (3–8) | 27 (8.8) | 45 (5.1) |
| Medium (9–11) | 48 (15.8) | 108 (12.1) |
| High (12+) | 226 (74.3) | 714 (80.3) |
| missing | 3 (1.0) | 22 (2.5) |
| Months exclusive breastfeeding (mean, sd) | 3.1 (3.8) | 3.6 (3.8) |