Table III.
Crude and adjusted risk ratios for current wheeze, asthmatic symptoms and otitis media by stressor among respondents to the Environment and Child Health Outcomes Study in Los Angeles County, California, 2006 (n=1193).
| Current wheeze (yes=168) | Asthmatic symptoms (yes=106) | Otitis media (yes=129) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude risk ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI)1 | Crude risk ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI)1 | Crude risk ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI)1 | |
| Fearful about health of baby | ||||||
| Not at all | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderately | 0.95 (0.63, 1.43) | 1.03 (0.68, 1.55) | 1.12 (0.70, 1.89) | 1.22 (0.73, 2.05) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.59) | 1.18 (0.85, 1.62) |
| Somewhat | 1.17 (0.81, 1.70) | 1.04 (0.72, 1.50) | 1.23 (0.76, 2.01) | 1.07 (0.67, 1.71) | 1.27 (0.94, 1.72) | 1.16 (0.85, 1.57) |
| Very much | 1.45 (0.99, 2.14) | 1.45 (1.00, 2.14) | 1.43 (0.85, 2.41) | 1.39 (0.83, 2.35) | 0.99 (0.68, 1.43) | 0.96 (0.66, 1.39) |
| Chronic stress (PSS) | ||||||
| Low | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | 1.02 (0.75, 1.39) | 1.03 (0.76, 1.41) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.15) | 0.75 (0.49, 1.14) | 1.17 (0.91, 1.49) | 1.42 (1.11, 1.82) |
| High | 1.23 (0.81, 1.87) | 1.14 (0.76, 1.72) | 1.33 (0.80, 2.21) | 1.11 (0.67, 1.86) | 0.95 (0.64, 1.42) | 1.18 (0.78, 1.77) |
| Negative life events | ||||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate (1) | 1.28 (0.92, 1.79) | 1.23 (0.89, 1.70) | 1.28 (0.84, 1.95) | 1.21 (0.80, 1.83) | 0.89 (0.67, 1.18) | 0.92 (0.69, 1.22) |
| High (2+) | 1.44 (1.01, 2.05) | 1.22 (0.85, 1.76) | 1.24 (0.77, 1.98) | 0.96 (0.58, 1.57) | 1.16 (0.87, 1.54) | 1.22 (0.91, 1.64) |
| Paternal support | ||||||
| High | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Moderate | 1.37 (0.93, 2.00) | 1.35 (0.92, 1.96) | 1.56 (0.97, 2.50) | 1.54 (0.95, 2.45) | 0.92 (0.64, 1.32) | 0.98 (0.68, 1.41) |
| Low | 2.06 (1.35, 3.13) | 1.82 (1.15, 2.87) | 1.96 (1.09, 3.51) | 1.54 (0.84, 2.81) | 1.19 (0.77, 1.84) | 1.45 (0.93, 2.27) |
1
Adjusted for maternal race, maternal age, maternal education, preterm birth, months exclusive breastfeeding, maternal atopy, child sex, pregnancy smoking and individually adjusted for each stressor.