Table 2.
Intrapartum characteristics
| SGA (N=4,983) | AGA (N=53,200) | LGA (n=5,253) | SGA vs. AGA P* | LGA vs. AGA P* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reason for hospital admissio | <.001 | † | |||
| Delivery | 4915 (98.6) | 52811 (99.3) | 5220 (99.4) | ||
| Evaluation, observation, or treatment for intrauterine growth restriction | 12 (0.2) | 4 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Evaluation, observation, or treatment for non-reassuring fetal status | 24 (0.5) | 172 (0.3) | 15 (0.3) | ||
| Evaluation, observation, or treatment for other reasons | 32 (0.6) | 213 (0.4) | 18 (0.3) | ||
| Reason for labor and delivery admission | <.001 | † | |||
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 46 (0.9) | 18 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Non-reassuring fetal status | 67 (1.3) | 348 (0.7) | 33 (0.6) | ||
| Other reasons | 4870 (97.7) | 52834 (99.3) | 5220 (99.4) | ||
| Presentation | <.001 | .008 | |||
| Vertex | 4761 (95.7) | 51601 (97.2) | 5081 (97.0) | ||
| Breech | 192 (3.9) | 1304 (2.5) | 127 (2.4) | ||
| Non-breech malpresentation | 21 (0.4) | 181 (0.3) | 32 (0.6) | ||
| PROM | 464 (9.3) | 4711 (8.9) | 358 (6.8) | .28 | <.001 |
| Type of labor | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| None (cesarean without labor or induction) | 549 (11.0) | 6435 (12.1) | 1035 (19.7) | ||
| Spontaneous | 1717 (34.5) | 18323 (34.4) | 1510 (28.8) | ||
| Spontaneous, augmented | 1263 (25.4) | 15171 (28.5) | 1290 (24.6) | ||
| Induced | 1454 (29.2) | 13270 (24.9) | 1418 (27.0) | ||
| Reason for induction | † | † | |||
| Not induced | 3529 (70.8) | 39930 (75.1) | 3835 (73.0) | ||
| Intrauterine growth restriction | 384 (7.7) | 150 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Non-reassuring fetal status | 88 (1.8) | 650 (1.2) | 51 (1.0) | ||
| Macrosomia | 0 (0.0) | 138 (0.3) | 109 (2.1) | ||
| Other reasons | 982 (19.7) | 12332 (23.2) | 1258 (24.0) | ||
| Suspected chorioamnionitis | 147 (3.0) | 2247 (4.2) | 263 (5.0) | <.001 | .008 |
| Antibiotics for chorioamnionitis | 115 (2.3) | 1868 (3.5) | 223 (4.3) | <.001 | .006 |
| Abruption | 8 (0.2) | 70 (0.1) | 5 (0.1) | .59 | .48 |
| Cesarean delivery | 1290 (25.9) | 13603 (25.6) | 2016 (38.4) | .62 | <.001 |
| Reason for cesarean | † | <.001 | |||
| Not delivered via cesarean | 3693 (74.1) | 39597 (74.4) | 3237 (61.6) | ||
| Non-reassuring fetal status | 403 (8.1) | 2031 (3.8) | 174 (3.3) | ||
| Macrosomia | 0 (0.0) | 128 (0.2) | 181 (3.5) | ||
| Other reasons | 887 (17.8) | 11444 (21.5) | 1661 (31.6) | ||
| Received anesthesia of any kind | 4486 (90.0) | 47846 (89.9) | 4835 (92.0) | .84 | <.001 |
| Received regional epidural anesthesia | 3469 (77.3) | 36759 (76.8) | 3359 (69.5) | .45 | <.001 |
| Received regional spinal anesthesia | 1260 (28.1) | 13797 (28.8) | 1736 (35.9) | .29 | <.001 |
| Received general anesthesia | 93 (2.1) | 452 (0.9) | 56 (1.2) | <.001 | .15 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.3 (38.4-40.0) | 39.4 (38.9-40.3) | 39.7 (39.1-40.6) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Gestational age categories (weeks) | <.001 | <.001 | |||
| 37,0-37,6 weeks | 589 (11.8) | 4124 (7.8) | 183 (3.5) | ||
| 38,0-38,6 weeks | 1079 (21.7) | 9679 (18.2) | 747 (14.2) | ||
| 39,0-39.6 weeks | 1889 (37.9) | 20109 (37.8) | 2109 (40.2) | ||
| 40,0-40.6 weeks | 1077 (21.6) | 13663 (25.7) | 1480 (28.2) | ||
| 41,0-41.6 weeks | 334 (6.7) | 5320 (10.0) | 677 (12.9) | ||
| 42,0-42.6 weeks | 15 (0.3) | 305 (0.6) | 57 (1.1) | ||
| Birthweight (g) | 2683 (2515-2822) | 3379 (3146-3630) | 4189 (4045-4363) | <.001 | <.001 |
| Birthweight (g) | † | † | |||
| <2500 | 1136 (22.8) | 50 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 2500-3999 | 3847 (77.2) | 51688 (97.2) | 952 (18.1) | ||
| ≥4000 | 0 (0.00) | 1462 (2.8) | 4301 (81.9) |
Data presented are n (%) or median (interquartile range)
SGA, small for gestational age (birth weight < 10% for gestational age); AGA, appropriate for gestational age (birth weight between 10-89% for gestational age); LGA, large for gestational age (birth weight > 90% for GA); NA, not applicable
*
based on the chi-square test for categorical variables or Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables
†
not computed due to zero cells; some cells not applicable to SGA or LGA