Table 2.
Gestational serum concentrations among mothers of girls with and without earlier age at menarche.
| Analytea | Total | Early menarche (N=218) | Not early menarche (N=230) | p-valueb | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||
| N (%) above LOD | Median (quartiles) | N (%) above LOD | Median (quartiles) | N (%) above LOD | Median (quartiles) | ||
| PFOSA | 311 (69.4) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 153 (70.2) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 158 (68.7) | 0.2 (0.2–0.3) | 0.23 |
| Sulfonamide esters | – | 1.1 (0.8–1.8) | – | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | – | 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | 0.53 |
| Et-PFOSA-AcOH | 437 (97.5) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 212 (97.3) | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 225 (97.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.75 |
| Me-PFOSA-AcOH | 383 (85.5) | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 179 (82.1) | 0.4 (0.3–0.7) | 204 (88.7) | 0.4 (0.3–0.8) | 0.26 |
| Sulfonates | – | 21.7 (16.6–27.2) | – | 21.0 (17.0–27.2) | – | 21.9 (16.1–26.8) | 0.95 |
| PFOS | 448 (100) | 19.8 (15.1–24.9) | 218 (100) | 19.5 (15.4–24.8) | 230 (100) | 20.0 (14.6–24.9) | 0.99 |
| PFHxS | 447 (99.8) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 218 (100) | 1.7 (1.3–2.2) | 229 (99.6) | 1.6 (1.2–2.2) | 0.47 |
| Carboxylates | – | 4.4 (3.4–5.7) | – | 4.6 (3.4–5.8) | – | 4.3 (3.3–5.4) | 0.15 |
| PFOA | 448 (100) | 3.7 (2.8–4.8) | 218 (100) | 3.9 (2.9–5.0) | 230 (100) | 3.6 (2.7–4.7) | 0.15 |
| PFNA | 447 (99.8) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 217 (99.5) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 230 (100) | 0.6 (0.5–0.8) | 0.67 |
| PFDeA | 12 (2.7) | –– | 5 (2.3) | –– | 7 (3.0) | – | – |
| ΣPFC | – | 27.3 (21.6–34.5) | – | 27.3 (22.3–34.8) | – | 27.3 (20.9–34.2) | 0.78 |
a
The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.1 ng/mL (PFOSA, PFHxS, PFOA, PFNA) and 0.2 ng/mL (Et-PFOSA-AcOH, Me-PFOSA-AcOH, PFOS and PFDeA).
b
p-value for difference between cases and controls.