Table 2. Cognitive function parameters according to diabetes and retinopathy disease.
| Variables | Total | non DM | DM | DM and Retinopathy | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 424 | 307(72.4%) | 36 (8.5%) | 81(19.1%) | — |
| 3MS score | 83.4score | 84.3score | 85.5scorf | 79.1scor1d | 0.004 |
| Cognitive impairment | 113(27.4%) | 72(24.2%) | 7(21.2%)g | 34(42%)d | 0.004 |
| Trails A,s | 88.1ls A, | 82.0ls A, | 92.6ls A, | 109.9s A,sd | 0.008 |
| Trails B,s | 207.4s B,s1 | 191.8s B,s3 | 204.9s B,s | 268.0s B,s1e | 0.001 |
| Executive dysfunction | 127(32%) | 73(25.2%) | 13(41.9%) | 41(53.9%)e | <0.001 |
| Immediate memory score | 73.1diate | 74.9diate | 70.0diate | 67.7diated | 0.003 |
| Impaired immediate memory | 275(67.2%) | 185(62.7%) | 26(76.5%) | 64(80.0%)d | 0.007 |
| Delayed memory score | 88.6yed m | 88.9yed m | 89.4yed m | 87.0yed m | 0.66 |
| Impaired delayed memory | 83(21.3%) | 62(21.8%) | 7(22.6%) | 14(18.9%) | 0.85 |
| Language ability score | 92.4uage | 93.2uage | 92.4uage | 89.2uage | 0.08 |
| Impaired language ability | 69(16.8%) | 43(14.5%) | 8(23.5%) | 18(22.5%) | 0.13 |
| Visuospatial skill score | 85.2ospat | 87.8ospat | 84.3ospat | 75.6ospate | <0.001 |
| Impaired visuospatial skill | 194(48.9%) | 129(44.3%) | 16(51.6%) | 49(65.3%)d | 0.005 |
d P<0.01,
e P<0.001, non DM group vs. DM and Retinopathy group;
f P<0.05,
g P<0.01, DM group vs. DM and Retinopathy group