Table 3. The effect of diabetes and retinopathy on impaired cognitive function by multivariable logistic analysis.

Variables	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	OR		OR		OR
	(95%confidence interval)	P	(95%confidence interval)	P	(95%confidence interval)	P
Cognitive impairment
DM	0.84(0.31,2.31)	0.74	0.82(0.29,2.30)	0.709	0.85(0.30,2.39)	0.76
DM and Retinopathy	2.09(1.11,3.92)	0.022	2.19(1.13,4.26)	0.021	2.15(1.10,4.20)	0.03
Executive dysfunction
DM	1.78(0.73,4.35)	0.206	1.71(0.68,4.31)	0.259	1.79(0.71,4.53)	0.22
DM and Retinopathy	2.89(1.55,5.37)	0.001	2.88(1.51,5.52)	0.001	2.82(1.46,5.42)	0.002
Impaired immediate memory
DM	1.85(0.78,4.42)	0.164	1.74(0.71,4.22)	0.22	1.86(0.76,4.54)	0.17
DM and Retinopathy	2.16(1.15,4.06)	0.016	2.17(1.13,4.20)	0.02	2.05(1.05,3.98)	0.04
Impaired delayed memory
DM	1.12(0.43,2.95)	0.81	1.03(0.40,2.79)	0.954	1.04(0.38,2.82)	0.94
DM and Retinopathy	0.71(0.35,1.44)	0.347	0.59(0.59,1.28)	0.169	0.57(0.27,1.21)	0.14
Impaired language ability
DM	1.93(0.77,4.82)	0.159	1.91(0.72,5.09)	0.196	1.81(0.64,5.12)	0.19
DM and Retinopathy	1.68(0.87,3.23)	0.121	1.86(0.93,3.74)	0.081	1.81(0.90,3.65)	0.1
Impaired visuospatial skill
DM	1.34(0.60,2.99)	0.474	1.50(0.64,3.50)	0.347	1.508(0.65,3.52)	0.34
DM and Retinopathy	2.37(1.32,4.22)	0.004	2.60(1.41,4.79)	0.002	2.58(1.40,4.77)	0.002

Model 1: age, sex, education level, BMI, DM and retinopathy; Model 2:, Model 1 plus serum albumin level, sodium level, total cholesterol level, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level, and residual kidney function; Model3: Model 2 plus cerebrovascular disease; Abbreviations: OR: odd ratio.