Table 3: Referral indication for OGD and diagnostic yield according to ASGE guideline criteria

ASGE indication of referral		Overall, % (n = 1,019)		Relevant lesion, %		LR+		LR–
• Appropriate indication
1. Upper abdominal symptoms persistent despite therapy		11.8		66.7		1.91		0.92
2. Upper abdominal symptoms associated with symptoms and signs suggesting serious organic disease or in patients aged >45 years		7.9		91.3		9.96		0.87
3. Esophageal reflux symptoms persistent or recurrent despite therapy		2.9		76.7		3.14		0.96
4. Portal hypertension evaluation		0.5		100		10.51		0.99
5. Active or recent GI bleeding		12.9		53.4		1.09		0.98
6. Suspected chronic bleeding		4.9		56		1.21		0.99
7. Dysphagia or odynophagia		7.3		52.7		1.06		0.99
8. GI assessment in other medical disorders		2.0		55		1.16		0.99
9. Persistent vomiting of unknown cause		3.9		80		3.82		0.95
10. Sclerotherapy or variceal bleeding		0.5		100		10.51		0.99
11. Histologic assessment of a neoplasia detected radiologically		1.0		60		1.43		0.99
12. Others		2.6		46.2		0.81		1
13. Total		58		65		1.77		0.45
• Not appropriate indications
1. Symptoms considered functional		17		38.7		0.64		1.32
2. Surveillance of healed benign lesions		22		25.9		0.33		1.33
3. Others		3.0		38.7		0.64		1.01
4. Total		42		32		0.45		1.77

GI: Gastrointestinal