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. 2016 Nov 2;20(4):354–358. doi: 10.1093/ijnp/pyw095

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© The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of CINP.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Figure 1. — Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are required for the sustained but not acute antidepressant effect of ketamine. Thirty minutes after ketamine injection, both penicillinase- and chondroitinase-treated animals show a significant reduction in immobility (A) and an increase in swimming (B) compared with saline-treated control animals. Chondroitinase treatment itself produced an increase in climbing (C). One week after ketamine injection, penicillinase-treated animals continue to show reductions in immobility (D) and increases in swimming (E). This sustained antidepressant effect is abolished in the rats treated with chondroitinase in the vHipp. There was no significant effect on climbing when animals were tested one week after ketamine injection (F). *Significantly different than the corresponding saline control; +significantly different than penicillinase/ketamine. Chondroitinase n=8/group. Penicillinase n=9/group.